Term
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Definition
| A daytime flashback, nightmare, or illusion that happen in reactions to extreme trauma |
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Term
|
Definition
| Upon cues of trauma, experience distress as a reaction to extreme trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychic numbing as a reaction to extreme trauma. EX: emotional detachment, being in a "daze", stopping usual activities, not talking about topics related to trauma, forgetting key aspects of trauma, derealization (dream world), depersonalization (watching yourself) |
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Term
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Definition
| easily startled, insomnia, hypervigilance, restlessness. Nervous system effect that occurs as a reaction to extreme trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| Most commonly in males, a reaction to extreme trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| After extreme trauma, feeling guilty for surviving when others did not. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reaction to extreme trauma.Diagnosed if lasts more than 2 days and less than a month. Characterized by short-term insomnia, nightmares, fear, etc... |
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Term
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Definition
| Early, even prenatal, traumatic conditioning. If mother is traumatically conditioned, the child may be more traumatizable. |
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Term
| Treatment for Acute Stress Disorder |
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Definition
| Anxiolytics for anxiety (benzos), Antidepressants for depression, antipsyschotics for paranoia, sleep meds. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing |
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Term
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment |
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Definition
| Guided re-exposure, EDMR, thought neutralization, group-therapy, stress management training, sublimation, plus anxiolytics, antidepressants and antipsychotics. Also, adrenalin blockers and memory consolidators right after trauma |
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Term
| Critical Incident Stress Debriefing |
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Definition
| Fact Phase, Reaction phase, Symptom phase, Teaching phase, Reentry phase |
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Term
| Risk Factors for Stress Disorders |
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Definition
| Family history of anxiety or depression, intensity of traumatic event, personal depression or anxiety, Meaney Effect, poor social support at time of event |
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Term
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Definition
| Tuning out to be more peaceful |
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Term
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Definition
| Dissociation may be the end point of anxiety, where it gets to be too much so a person drifts away from it to be more peaceful. |
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Term
| Depersonalization Experiences |
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Definition
| robotic and mechanical, voice sounding distance, slowed motor skills, derealization, things seem flat, personal memories seem not to be yours, out of body, emotions don't match actions, what was familiar feels unfamiliar, things seem smaller and far away, self and world are illusions, one is shrinking or disappearing |
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Term
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Definition
| Brief period of retrograde amnesia following a stressful event, usually personal information, usually only autobiographical memory, can recur, usually lasts only hours or days, sometimes have memory recovery that is fragmentary, treated with anti anxiety meds and therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| lasts hours to months, completely reversible, retrograde amnesia that results in adoption of new identity and leaving home and workplace. Always diagnosed after the event. Treatment with antianxiety meds and therapy. |
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Term
| Depersonalization Disorder |
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Definition
| detached from body, significant distress or impairment, not psychotic because are aware of reality |
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Term
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Definition
| Emotional numbing, altered visual perception, altered experience of one's body |
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Term
| Dissociative Identity Disorder |
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Definition
| Presence of 2 or more distinct identities, or personality states, inability to recall important personal information, inability to remember certain time periods, people who claim to know you but you don't know them, in a place but don't know how got there, possessions they don't remember purchasing |
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Term
| Predominant explanation of DID |
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Definition
| Isolated or fragmented parts of a personality with unsmooth switches between roles. |
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Term
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Definition
| psychotherapy, hypnosis, sodium amytal, 4 years 2-3 times a week, removal of dissociative barriers between them, group or cognitive-behavioral. sometimes antianxiety/depressants, memory recovery moment(frowned upon) |
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Term
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Definition
| Made up memories said to have been experienced during memory recovery movement. |
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Term
| TLE and Dissociative Phenomena |
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Definition
| Some people with temporal lobe epilepsy experience dissociative episodes |
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Term
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Definition
Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Cluster B: Histrionic, Narcissistic, Borderling, Antisocial
Cluster C: Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by odd or eccentric behavior. Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by dramatic, emotional or unstable behavior. Histrionic, Narcissistic, Borderline, Antisocial |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by anxious or apprehensive behavior. Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive. |
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Term
| Predominately Female Personality Disorders |
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Definition
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Term
| Predominately Male Personality Disorders |
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Definition
| Narcissistic, Schizotypal, Antisocial |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster A PD. Characterized by suspiciousness and mistrust, moralistic and grandiose beliefs, hypersensitivity. Often goes untreated because do not trust people in medical field. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster A. Characterized by inability to form close relationships, no interpersonal warmth, loners, don't care what people think.. either good or bad. Can be treated with antipsychotics, antidepressants and therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster A. Characterized by odd magical thinking, paranoia, eccentric speech, social isolation, social anxiety, hypersensitivity, hallucinations and delusions, thinking that everyone is looking at them. Can be treated with antipsychotics and therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster B. Characterized by attention-seeking, overly dramatic, reactive and intense behavior, vain, demanding, helplessness, shallow, sexually withholds or teases, frequent suicidal threats. Can be treated with antidepressants and therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster B. Characterized by extreme sense of self-importance and needing to find someone who can live up to who they are, not taking criticism well, idealization, demands for approval and agreement. If seek treatment, rarely stay bc will find a fault with therapist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster B. Characterized by extreme opposite end emotions, unstable, chaotic relationships, quick to fall in love, internal emptiness and "void", frequent suicide threats, sex-damaging behavior with drugs, overeating, gambling, severe depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster B. Characterized by violation of rights of others without guilt or remorse, feeling of if I can get away with it what is wrong with it, diagnosed as ADHD before age of 18, frequent drug and alcohol abuse, no anxiety about consequences. Best treatment is incarceration until get older and settle down. Known as stupid psychopaths. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster C. Characterized by being sensitive to rejection or ridicule, desire for relationships but anxious about them, social withdrawal, intense desire for acceptance and affection, low self-esteem. Can be treated with anxiety and depression meds, and therapy to learn social skills with group therapy too. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster C. Likes life to be run by others, major decisions made by others, tolerates abuse in lieu of own needs, sees self as helpless and stupid, push-over for fear of ruining relationships, selfless and bland, chronic physical illness. Can be treated with medication and group, family or couples therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster C. Perfectionist, always think you're right, sensitive to criticism by authority figures, workaholic, small details lists rules and schedules run their lives, judgmental and moralistic about self and others. Can be treated with therapy and antidepressants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provisional disorder in the DSM appendix. Characterized by negative attitudes and begrudging agreements, always showing up late, unacknowledged hostility, stubbornness,sulking or arguing when asked to do something unpleasant. |
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Term
| General Treatment for PDs |
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Definition
| For each PD, therapy is hard to do because usually don't see themselves as having anything wrong with them. Because it is unknown what causes these disorders, therapists focus on treating the manifestation of the disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure to master individuation/separation, possibly from early sexual or physical abuse, early neglect, lower brain serotonin activity, due to an abnormality of the serotonin transporter gene 5-HTT. Probably a reaction of both internal and external environments. |
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Term
| Borderline PD self-mutilation and dissociation |
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Definition
| Often self-mutilate, enter into emotional overload that has them spinning, may feel detached from own thoughts or bodies or have no experience of themselves at all leading to the feeling of emptiness. |
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Term
| Transient Psychotic Episodes |
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Definition
| When people lose their shit for unknown reasons and kind of black out while doing it. |
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Term
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Definition
| the way you deal with people in your life by either idealizing them or devaluating them. Both are detrimental to a relationship |
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Term
| Psychodynamic and Medicinal Treatments |
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Definition
| relational psychoanalytic therapy:provide and empathetic setting where clients are to focus on unconscious conflicts and relationship disturbances. also told to think about poor sense of self and pervasive loneliness and sadness. Dialetical Behavior Therapy. Antidepressants, antibipolar, antianxiety, and antipsychotic drugs. Benefit is seen when doing both therapy and meds. |
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Term
| Relationship between psychopathy and DSM-IV Antisocial PD |
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Definition
| Must be of age 18 to receive the diagnosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neglect: become emotionally distant as children. Modeling: learned from parents who also have this disorder. Cognitive: simply don't see other people's views as important. Biology: lower serotonin activity, deficient functioning in frontal loves. Lack key ingredient for anxiety so don't learn the same way. Low arousal levels to warnings |
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Term
| Treatments for Antisocial PD |
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Definition
| Treatments are generally ineffective. Mostly just incarcerating people has been most effective. |
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Term
| Treatments for Antisocial PD |
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Definition
| Treatments are generally ineffective. Mostly just incarcerating people has been most effective. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Psychopaths are successful because they have a conscious so they can get away with things. |
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Term
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Definition
| Childhood: can present as ADHD or conduct disorder, once hit ADOLESCENCE: will be diagnosed with Antisocial at age 18... a time in which the person will act out. Then once reach ADULTHOOD: slow down and stop making trouble, just becoming boring and don't do anything. |
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Term
| Relationship between OCD and Obsessive-Compulsive PD |
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Definition
| NONE. Their name is similar!!!!! |
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Term
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Definition
| not in line with the needs of the ego. |
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Term
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Definition
| In line with the needs and goals of a person. Many PD are considered ego syntonic and so are hard to treat |
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Term
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Definition
| And older name for what doctors described as schizophrenia (Emil Kraeplin) |
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Term
| General manifestations of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Language and communication disturbances, delusions and hallucinations,flat, paranoid, or silly affect, unable to control will "inertial", thoughts in your head, usually NO visual disturbances, motor abnormalities |
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Term
| Genetic predisposition to schizophrenia |
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Definition
| There is a gene that if is in certain combination with a copy of that gene causes greater risk to get schizo. |
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Term
| consanguinity and concordances in schizophrenia |
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Definition
| genetic relatedness: high odds if one parent has it and higher still if both do, even if child is adopted into new home early. Twin concordances: higher change with monozygotic twin. |
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Term
| Infectious Agents in schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Other illnesses during pregnancy can cause schizophrenia like herpes, toxoplasmosis, Rubella |
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Term
| Birth Trauma in schizophrenia |
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Definition
| maternal exposure to influenza at the 6 month mark especially, old sperm, street drugs |
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Term
| Seasonality of birth in schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Most schizophrenics are born during the winter |
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Term
| Monozygotic twin types and implications |
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Definition
| Monochorionic twins.. there is one placental connection. Dichorionic twins 2 placental connections so two different blood supplies- less concordance. |
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Term
| Psychotogenecity and marijuana (schizophrenia) |
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Definition
| IF you have the gene, you are more likely to enable it by smoking marijuana |
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Term
| Schizophrenia subtypes and problems of |
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Definition
| paranoid, catatonic, disorganized (hebephrenic) undifferentiated, residual. Don't affect the way a person is treated, but can be good indicators of the course of the disorder. Also, ppl can change subtypes over time. |
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Term
| Positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, bizarre behavior, disordered thoughts. |
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Term
| negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| flat affect, psychomotor retardation, mutism and blocking, poor hygeine, social withdrawl |
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Term
| Type 1 (positive) schizophrenics |
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Definition
| odd in childhood, irritable, aggressive, later diagnosis, mostly FEMALE, better prognosis, Dopamine abnormalities, respond well to antipsychotic meds, doesn't damage brain as much |
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Term
| type 2 (negative) scihzophrenia |
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Definition
| withdrawal and passivity in childhood, early diagnosis, mostly MALE, worse prognosis and more brain damage, no dopamine abnormalities, poor response to anytipsychotics |
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Term
| Classical/ atypical medications fin schizophrenia |
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Definition
| classical meds only affect dopamine and therefore only control positive symptoms. Atypical meds reduce both DA and serotonin and treat both positive and negative symptoms. can gain weight on newer drugs and get diabetes. classical drugs give motor side effects |
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Term
| role of psychotherapy in schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Helps adjust to illness, deal with secondary depression or anxiety, self-monitoring of symptoms so know when need to take meds |
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Term
|
Definition
| motor side effect of antipsychotic medication. restlessness. rocking or Thorazine shuffle |
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Term
|
Definition
| locky-jaw or oculogyric crisis where eyes get stuck up in head |
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Term
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Definition
| resting tremor, slowness of movements, muscular rigidity. a motor side effect of of antipsychotics |
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Term
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Definition
| rabbit-sign, lip smacking. motor side effect of antipsychotics |
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Term
| Other disorders often treated with antipsychotics |
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Definition
| depression, forms of anxiety, sundowner's, PTSD, personality disorders, bipolar |
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Term
| world-wide trends in schizophrenia |
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Definition
| appears to be declining possibly due to better infant nutrition and childbirth methods. |
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Term
| Rule of thirds and newer outcome for schizophrenia |
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Definition
| used to be believed that 1/3 of schizos would improve, stay the same, or decline. now believed that about 45% are unable to function, 35% are fair, and 20% show improvement. |
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Term
| Eating Disorders: sex and Westernization |
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Definition
| related to western concepts about food and femininity, thin-ness as sign of wealth and status, television |
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Term
| Types of males who are especially susceptible to eating disorders |
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Definition
| gay men in the gay social scene who have the same attractiveness pressures as females, men in sports that require thinness and weight watching |
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Term
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Definition
| recurrent episodes of binge eating, inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain, symptoms continuing at least 2 or three times a week for three months, undue influence of weight or shape on self-evaluation |
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Term
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Definition
| Refusal to maintain body weight above a minimally normal weight for age and height, intense fear of gaining weight, even though underweight, disturbed body perception, undue influence of weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of seriousness of current low weight, amenorrhea |
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Term
|
Definition
| recurrent binge eating WITHOUT compensatory behavior |
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Term
|
Definition
| disorders that do not fit either category |
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Term
| Nature of Body Distortion in Anorexia Nervosa |
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Definition
| person feels fat even when obviously underweight, an actual perceptual distortion |
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Term
|
Definition
| powerlessness, perfectionism |
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Term
| Treatment and outcome of anorexia nervosa |
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Definition
| managing any other illnesses that have resulted from starvation, hospital re-feeding, family therapy, medication has been ineffective but generally prescribed antianxiety and antidepressants. fewer than 50% of people with it ever achieve a normal weight and often are left with social and occupational functioning flaws |
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Term
|
Definition
| adolescents, mostly females. college students probable because of freshman 15. |
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Term
| types of compensatory behavior among bulimics |
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Definition
| purging or self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics. non-purging with exercise and/or temporary fasting. |
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Term
| bodily damage suffered in bulimia nervosa |
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Definition
| rupture of stomach or esophagus, heart damage, erosion of teeth, gums and fingernails, chronic red eye, swollen salivary glands, menstrual complications and higher risk of pregnancy complications |
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Term
| Treatment and outcome of bulimia |
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Definition
| usually responds well to treatment with high doses of SSRIs, and therapy including support groups, cognitive behavioral therapy. Relapse is common and patients should not expect cures |
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Term
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Definition
| addicts are morally weak and choose to succumb to temptation, self-destructive, need to get their act together |
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Term
| Medical view of addiction |
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Definition
| Alcoholism is a disease, your mind becomes addicted, biologically hijacked, their will is taken from them by this addiction. |
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Term
| Use vs. abuse and sociocultural norms (addiction) |
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Definition
| society determines what use of substances is appropriate. use is defined as using a drug according to those norms like champagne at wedding or a glass of wine with dinner occasionally. abuse is taking a drug outside of norms that result in social and personal problems and can lead to dependence. |
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Term
| non-substance behavioral addictions |
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Definition
| behavioral addictions are treated as impulse-control disorders. like pathological gambling. |
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Term
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Definition
| abuse is a harmful pattern of use that gets in the way of work and relationships. dependence is habitual abuse and development of withdrawal and tolerance |
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Term
| diagnostic criteria for substance abuse |
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Definition
| recurrent use of a drug leading to one or more severe social or personal problems like DUI in a 12 month period |
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Term
| Diagnostic criteria for substance dependence |
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Definition
| recurrent use of a drug, leading to 3 or more of the following in a 12 month period: tolerance, withdrawal, using more than intended, cutting down attempts, finding and maintaining supply regardless of anything else, stopping other usual activities, psychological dependence or knowing that its bad but not stopping |
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Term
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Definition
| withdrawal symptoms are prevented by continuing to fuel your body with the substance |
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Term
|
Definition
| continued use despite recognition of bad consequences |
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Term
| Effects of alcohol ingestion |
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Definition
| a depressant, can cause loss of grey matter especially in memory (hippocampus) and coordination (cerebellum) centers, make you more confident, slurred speech and unsteady gate, can cause blackouts and passing out, incoordination, irritability, impaired reaction time and judgment |
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Term
| Risk Factors for alcohol dependence |
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Definition
| Drinking at a younger age, Being a man, having a low Level of Response (LR), genetics, family history, ethnicity (hispanics, alaskan natives and indians have highest rates), impulsive people, antisocial pd, college students more access, peer pressure, availablity in social circle |
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Term
| Consequences of College binge drinking |
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Definition
| death, injuries, sexual assault, std transfer, pregnancy, arrests, dropping out, doing poorly |
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Term
| Fetal and Physiological Effects of alcohol use |
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Definition
| gastric irritation and bleeding, disease of liver, pancreas and testicles, cancer in mouth and intestinal tract, anxiety, depression, nerve degeneration, dementia (Korsakoff's). In infants: mental and physical retardation, head deformities, learning disabilities and behavioral disorders, hand and finger malformations |
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Term
| Withdrawal symptoms and management (alcohol) |
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Definition
| shakes, seizures, hallucinosis, delirium, can be fatal-- need to be hospitalized and given other drugs to ween off alcohol then need to be weened off other drugs, then need to go to rehabilitation programs to help prevent relapse |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dementia caused by chronic heavy use of alcohol |
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Term
|
Definition
| Based on moral view of addiction. Use God to get them through. Meetings with support that follow 12-steps to making ammends and fully admitting and accepting your alcoholism. One day at a time. |
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Term
| General effectiveness of treatment |
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Definition
| Usually doesn't work very well initially, takes a while to stick. Especially won't work if thrown into same lifestyle with old drinking or shooting up buddies. More willing to go to therapy for co-morbid disorders even while still using |
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Term
| Trends in addiction treatment |
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Definition
| 12 step still main treatment, therapy, early education, detection and community prevention, antagonist drugs and dose-controlled substitutes for abused substances like methadone |
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Term
| Pharmacological Addiction Treatment |
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Definition
For alcohol dependence: Campral and Revia (glutamate surge and reduces pleasure of drinking)
Chantix for nicotine
Suboxone for narcotics
Treatments not cures but reduce relapse |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inattentive type, Hyperactive-Impulsive type, Combined Type. Need to have 6 of the diagnostic criteria to be diagnosed |
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Term
|
Definition
| poor attention, don't listen when spoken to directly, difficulty organizing, forgetful, misplaces things often, FEMALES |
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Term
| Hyperactive-Impulsive Type |
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Definition
| fidgeting and squirming, can't sit in seat, difficulty at quiet play, blurts out answers, difficulty waiting for turn, interrupts and butts in activities, chatty, restless, MALES |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inattentive and Hyperactive |
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Term
|
Definition
| every culture and socioeconomic level, develops in preadolescence, males and females (type diff), genetics, prenatal complications, premature birth, high lead toxicity, mothers w high levels of anxiety during weeks 12-22 of their pregnancies |
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Term
| Hypotheses about defects that might occur in ADHD |
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Definition
| slow development of prefrontal cortex, growth of neurons is slow, under-activation of frontal loves, low dopamine activity, possible 'sensory screen", passage of time is different |
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Term
|
Definition
| 50-90% of people with ADHD also have at least one other mental disorder such as: bipolar, conduct disorder, depression, OCD, oppositional-defiant disorder, specific learning disorders, tourette's |
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Term
|
Definition
| Often leads to poor grades, early pregnancy, STD, criminal activity, running away from home, traffic accidents, decreased likelihood of graduation from college, drug abuse, learning disability |
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Term
| Accepted Treatments for ADHD |
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Definition
| stimulant + nonstimulant drugs, structuring school and home environments so they don't have any distractions and are EXTREMELY organized , reward and punishment |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ritalin and concerta, adderall, dexadrine, cylert: stimulant drugs. can cause shortness, insomnia, headache, nausea. Wellbutrin, Straterra, Provigin/Nuvigil: non-stimulant drugs: not as useful, cause less insomnia |
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Term
| Common signs of adult ADHD |
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Definition
| seek noisy and busy places to get work done, change tv and music often, hard time waiting in lines, tune our conversations and intimate moments, blurting out, prefer highly stimulating situations, intuitive, out-of-the-box thinking |
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Term
| Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (8) |
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Definition
| old age, being female after menopause, history of head injury, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, chronic inflammation, periodontal disease before age 35, genetics, small head circumference, low level education |
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Term
| Brain and neurotransmitter changes in alzheimers |
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Definition
| plaque builds up, cell debris and beta amyloid peptides. tangles of T protein. cell death and loss of acetylcholine. shrinking of brain |
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Term
| early and late signs/symptoms |
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Definition
| memory loss affecting job skills, difficulty performing familiar tasks, language/naming problems, time and place disorientation, loss of judgment, problems with abstract thinking, misplacing things, rapid mood changes, personality changes, loss of initiative. as progresses need more and more help with organization and general functions such as dressing. |
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