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| Essay A- Anxiety and Fear |
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Definition
| Cite Craske 2009- describes fear anxiety as future oriented, mood state asso with preparation for possible or upcoming negative events. He describes fear as an alarm response to present or imminent danger, either real or perceived. |
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PD: 1-3.5% prevalence, onset late adol to mid-30s, heritable.
GAD- 5% prevalence, lifetime course, heritable. |
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| Refer to Klien (hypercapnia and hyperventilation) when talking about what Wakefield thinks. |
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Social Phobia- fear or one or more situations
Generalized- fear of most situations |
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| Cite Bogels (2010)- subtype lacks clear operational definition, subtype is arbitrary |
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| Angst 2009- LTD use more social benefits, more problems with unemployment, more chronic health disorders, more comorbid anxiety disorders. chronicity-->severity |
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| Cite Andrews (2007)- supports dimensional approach and proposes using PHQ9 |
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| Mataxis-Cols supports including Hoarding in DSM but not as OCD subtype- differences outweigh similarities. Hoarding is not always a compulsion. |
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| Kendler- not in there for a good reason, BRD is pretty much the same as non-BRD. |
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| Wakefield- doesn't support removing exclusion; should wait to DX other disorders after life stressor |
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| Andrews (2007)- 5/9 threshold is arbitrary, uses evidence that number of dep symptoms has a linear relationship with risk, impairment, duration, severity. he also cites research that used a taxometric analysis- showed depression is better measured on a continuum rather than a discrete entity. |
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| Categories- Stewart (2010)- subtypes of MDD respond differently to different types of anti-depressants |
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| Andrews- PQH9, Widiger- clear demarcation points along distributions of continuous functioning. |
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