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| a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. |
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1. see through out the species
2. unlearned
3. complex detail...not something basic.
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. |
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The biological/physical need of the body that creates an awaken/aroused state that "drives" us to satify the need. once the need is satisfied it is then "reduced."
the idea that a physiological (biological study or an organism and its parts) need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. |
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This is the "steady internal state" that the body regulates itself to. An example would be how our body regulates its temperature around an average or appropriate level.
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry. such as blood glucose, around a particular level. |
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a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
like a Dog with positive conditioning...he sits and you give him a treat. This gives the dog an insentive to sit because he correlates the action with a response that profits him. |
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| Maslow's hierarchy of needs? |
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| Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active. |
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| name the list of needs... |
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1. self-transcendence needs: the need to find meaning and identity beyond self.
2. self-actualization needs: need to live up to our fullest and unique potential.
3. Esteem needs: need for self esteem, achievement, competence, and independence; need for recognition and respect form others.
4. Belongingness and love needs: need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and separation.
5. Safety needs: need to feel that the world is organized and predictable; need to feel safe.
6. Physiological needs: need to satisfy hunger and thirst. |
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| that the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. |
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| Name the 6 appetite hormones. |
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1. Insulin: secreted by that pancreas; controls blood glucose.
2. Orexin: secreted by the hypothalamus; triggers hunger.
3. Ghrelin: secreted by empty stomach; sends "i'm hungry" signals to the brain.
4. Obestatin: secreted by stomach; sends "i'm full" signals to the brain.
5. PYY: secreted by the digestive tract; sends "i'm not hungry" signals to the brain.
6. Leptin: Secreted by fat cells; sends signals to the brain diminishing the rewarding pleasure of food. |
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| the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, and increase in hunger and a lower metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
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the amount of energy that the body extends when it is resting and still maintains basic body functions.
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure. |
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| an eating disorder in which a person (usually a adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve. |
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| an eating disorder characterized by episodes of over eating, usually of high calorie foods, followed by vomiting,laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. |
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| significant binge eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that makes the bulimia disorder. |
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| the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson -- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. |
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| a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm. |
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| a problem that constantly impairs sexual arousal or functioning. |
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sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than males and contributing to female sex characteristics. it peaks during ovulation and sex happens much more often during thid time. the women dress more desireible as well.
In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen peaks during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity. |
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| the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additonal testosterone in males stimulates the growth of male sex organs in the fetus and the development of male sex characteristics during puberty. |
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| an enduring sexual attraction toward member of one's own sex (homosexual orientation ) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation) |
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