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| a learning procedure in which associations are made between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus |
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| a stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of an unconditioned response |
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| an event that elicit a certain predictable response typically without previous training |
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| an orgamnism's automatic (or natural) reaction to a stimulus |
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| a once-neutral event that elicits a given response after a period of training in which it has been paired with (occured just before) an unconditioned stimulus |
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| the learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus |
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| responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli |
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| the ability to repsond differently to similar but distinct stimuli |
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| the gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus |
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| learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in occurence |
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| stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the likelihood that the response will be repeated |
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| stimulus that is naturally rewarding, such as food or water |
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| stimulus such as money that becomes rewarding through its link with a primary reinforcer |
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| a pattern of reinforcement in which a specific number of correct responses is requied before reinforcement can be obtained |
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| a pattern of reinforcement in which an unpredictable number of responses are required before reinforcement can be obtained |
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| a pattern of reinforcement in which a specific amount of time must elapse before a response will elicit reinforcement |
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| variable-interval schedule |
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| a pattern of reinforcement in which changing amounts of time must elapse before a response will obtain reinforcement |
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| technique in which the desired behavior is "molded" by first rewarding any act similar to that behavior and then requiring ever-closer appoximations to the desired behavior before giving the reward |
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| learned reactions that follow one another in sequence, each reaction producing the signal for the next |
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| process of influencing behavior by means of unpleasant stimuli |
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| increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs |
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| a mental picture of spatial relationships or relationships between events |
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| alteration of a behavioral tendency that is not demonstrated by an immediate, observable change in behavior |
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| condition in which repeated attempts to control a situation fail, resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable |
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| learning by imitating others; copying behavior |
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| systematic application of learning principles to change people's actions and feelings |
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| conditioning in which desirable behavior is reinforced with valueless objects, which can be accumulated and exchanged for valued rewards |
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