Term
|
Definition
| the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| value judgments of a persons moral and ethical behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enduring characteristics with which each person is born |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| principle by which the id functions, the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| principle by which the ego functions, the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will no result |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part o the personality that acts as a moral center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the superego that produces guilt, depending on how acceptable behavior is |
|
|
Term
| psychological defense mechanisms |
|
Definition
| unconscious distortions of a persons perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event, instead pushing those events into the unconscious mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychological defense mechanism in which a person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychological defense mechanism in which unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someones else, usually the target of the impulses or feelings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychological defense mechanism in which a person forms an opposite emotional or behavioral reaction to the way he or she really feels to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| redirecting feelings from a threatening target to a less threatening one |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychological defense mechanism in which a persons falls back on child like patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defense mechanism in which a person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety |
|
|
Term
| compensation (substitution) |
|
Definition
| defense mechanism in which a person makes up for inferiorities in one area by becoming superior in another area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| channeling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| five stages of personality development proposed by freud and tied to the sexual development of the child |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first stage occurring in the first year to far and half of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| second stage occurring from about 1 0r 1.5 years of age, in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet truing is the source of conflict |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| third stage from three to six in which child discovers sexual feelings |
|
|
Term
| Oedipus complex/ Electra complex |
|
Definition
| situation occurring in the phallic stage in which a child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent. Males develop an oedipus complex where females electra complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fourth stage occurring during the school years in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Freud's term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| followers of Freud who developed their own competing psychodynamic theories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jung's name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jungs name for the memories shared by all members of the human species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jungs collective, universal human memories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anxiety created when a child born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| personalities typified by maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in Horney's theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in behaviorism, seats of well-learned responses that have become automatic |
|
|
Term
| social cognitive learning theorists |
|
Definition
| theorists who emphasize the importance of both the influences of other peoples behavior and of a persons own expectancies of learning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory, and imitation of models |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bandura's explanation of how factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals expectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency for people to assume that they either have control or do not have control over events and consequences in their lives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a persons subjective feeling that a particular behavior will lead to a reinforcing consequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the third force in psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice |
|
|
Term
| self-actualizing tendency |
|
Definition
| the striving to fulfill ones innate capacities and capabilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| image of oneself that develops from interactions with important, significant people in ones life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals awareness of his or her own personal characteristics and level of functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ones perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ones perception of whom on should be or would like to be |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| warmth, affection, love and respect that come from significant others in ones life |
|
|
Term
| unconditional positive regard |
|
Definition
| positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached |
|
|
Term
| conditional positive regard |
|
Definition
| positive regard that is given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges and feelings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theories that endeavor to describe the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aspics of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dimension of personality in which people tend to withdraw from excessive stimulation |
|
|
Term
OCEAN
five-factor model (Big Five) |
|
Definition
| model of personality that describes five basic trait dimensions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the five factors, willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the care a person give to organization and thoughtfulness of others, dependability. One of the five factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dimension of personality referring to ones ned to be with other people. One of the five factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people who are outgoing and sociable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people who prefer to solitude and dislike being the center of attention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emotional style of a person that may range from easygoing, friendly, and likable to grumpy, crabby, and unpleasant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degree of emotional instability or stability |
|
|
Term
| trait-situation interaction |
|
Definition
| assumption that the particular circumstances of any given situation will influence the way in which a trait is expressed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| field of study devoted to discovering the genetic bases for personality characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| method of personality assessment in which the professional asks questions of the client and |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the clients behavior and statements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defense mechanism involving placing or projecting ones own unacceptable thoughts onto others, as if the thoughts actually belonged to those others and not to oneself |
|
|
