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| a succession of images, thoughts, or emotions passing through the mind during sleep |
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| a form of psychological torture inflicted by depriving the victim of sleep |
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| is memory that can last as little as a few days or as long as decades. It differs structurally and functionally from working memory or short-term memory, which ostensibly stores items for only around 20–30 seconds |
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| (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time. The duration of short-term memory (when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented) is believed to be in the order of seconds. |
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| memory fades due to the mere passage of time. Information is therefore less available for later retrieval as time passes and memory, as well as memory strength, wears away |
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| wherein people judge the probability or frequency of a hypothesis by considering how much the hypothesis resembles available data as opposed to using a Bayesian calculation. While often very useful in everyday life, it can also result in neglect of relevant base rates and other cognitive biases. The representative heuristic was first proposed by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman[1]. In causal reasoning, the representativeness heuristic leads to a bias toward the belief that causes and effects will resemble one another (examples include both the belief that "emotionally relevant events ought to have emotionally relevant causes", and magical associative thinking)[2]. |
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Representativeness heuristic |
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| In more precise terms, heuristics are strategies using readily accessible, though loosely applicable, information to control problem solving in human beings and machines |
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| technique used in Artificial Intelligence for controlling search in problem solving computer programs. |
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people predict the frequency of an event, or a proportion within a population, based on how easily an example can be brought to mind.
This phenomenon was first reported by psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman |
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| highly detailed, exceptionally vivid 'snapshots' of the moment and circumstances in which surprising and consequential (or emotionally arousing) news was heard.[1] Flashbulb memories have six characteristic features: place, ongoing activity, informant, own affect, other affect, and aftermath |
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| memory of autobiographical events (times, places, associated emotions, and other contextual knowledge) that can be explicitly stated. |
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| strategy for making more efficient use of short-term memory by recoding information. |
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| type of short term visual memory (a sensory memory), |
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| ability to actively hold information in the mind needed to do complex tasks such as reasoning, comprehension and learning. |
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| auditory version of sensory memory, refers to the phenomenon in which there is a brief mental echo that continues to sound after an auditory stimulus has been heard |
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| the ability to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has ceased. It refers to items detected by the sensory receptors which are retained temporarily in the sensory registers and which have a large capacity for unprocessed information but are only able to hold accurate images of sensory information momentarily. |
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| states that “responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation |
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Thorndike’s law of effect |
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| use of a behavior's antecedent and/or its consequence to influence the occurrence and form of behavior. |
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