-psychoanalytical perspective

-unconscious aspect, supressed and repressed desires and wishes

-psychoanalytical perspective

-rational/conscious part of self

-shown to everyone

-FILTER

-logic

-psychoanalytical perspective

-best idea of yourself, who you want to be in the future

-Freuds theory of how personalities develop

-ERIC ERIKSON TURNED IT INTO AN 8 STAGE DEVELOPMENT

-Freud

-from birth to 2yrs old

-humans derive all pleasure/satisfactopm from oral behavior

-Freud

-2yrs to 4 or 5yrs

-humans derive all pleasure/satisfaction from bowel movement

-Freud psychosexual

-4→6 yrs of age

-humans become obsessed with penises and lack of penises.

-Oedipus and Electra complexes

-Freud psychosexual

-6ys to puberty

-no meaningful personality development

-Freud psychosexual

-pubery on

-humans derive all pleasure/satisfaction from genital action for the rest of their lives

-Freud

-inkblot test→clouds

-no objective measure

-whatever we are feeling/thinking we project onto others

-therapist does it

-personality profile

-give you things to work on

Humanistic Perspective

-created by Maslow (Hierarchy of Needs)

•no emphasis on unconscious mind

-Rogers continued

•in order for someone to develop correctly they have to have at least one person who loves them unconditionally

-emphasizees characteristic behaviors and motives

-assessing things you might do based on traits

-usally describes people on personality dimensions

-to assess you have to use things like MMPI

-there are limited answers and test fatigue

-proposed by Albert Bandura

-reciprocal influence between personality and environment

"who you are is determined by those around you"

-locus of control

-either internal or external

-internal=people who feel like they can make a change in their life

-more adaptive

-external=universe/God determines what will happen to them

-learned helplessness

-depression

-concentration camps

-dabbles in all historical perspectives

-looks at self esteem

-looks at self serving bias

-looks at cultural influences

-people with a psychological disorder behave in a way that is abnormal, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable

-definitions vary by culture

-disorders that appear in one or one type of culture

-eating disorders

-mental illness is caused by a chemical or nerual problem in brain.

-reduces stigma

positive=emphasizes that its not their fault

negative=limits scope of treatment

-developed in the last 20 yrs

-recognition that mental illness has a biological, psychological, and social perspective

•predisposition

-changes social interaction

-illness changes the way you think/feel/act

DSM-4

-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM 4)

-only used in the USA

-others use the ICD 10

-book of symptoms and descriptions

-broad categories-symptoms are so wide ranging and opportunities for misdiagnosis

-stigma-view attached (negative)

-several studies show that poor people or not a typical nation are more diagnosed

-1 in 6 Americans will suffer from a period of mental illness during their lifetime→mood disorder, anxiety

-gender and cultural differences

-Generalized Anxiety Disorder= people feel extrememly nervouse, jittery and worried all the time

-Generalized Panic Disorder=people feel mostly normal but with no warning feel overcome with intense fear/feel like they are going to die

-associated with aguaraphobia

-more common with women

-panic attacks brought on by exposure to a specific stimulus or trigger

-irrational fears that disrupt behavior

-fear becomes so exaggerated because of response to the stimulous that your life changes

-characterized by excessive, repetitive and unwanted thoughts and actions

-thoughts=obsessions

-actions=compulsions

-compulsions are coping mechanisms

-maladaptive way to control the obsessive thoughts/anxiety

-fear conditioning

-observational learning

-drug therapy

•tranqs

•anti-depressants

-desensitization therapy can be very helpful

-conscious awareness becomes separated from prior memories/thoughts/feelings

-DID= MPA

-mood disorder where a person feels depressed for at least 2 weeks at a time

-episodes can occur once in a lifetime or recur

-range from 2 weeks to years

-person swings between depression and mania

-mania=excess of energy, flightive ideas, do ill advised things

-Biopolar/Manic is difficult to diagnose if persona has never had a mania phase or cannot remember

-depression medication hightens mania

-depression occurs during a single season

-phase delayed insomnia

-people become more depressed as the daylight hours become shorter in winter

-has to occur more than one season in a row

-hibernation?

-tanning?

-biological perspective is popular

•genetic predisposition

•physiological basis frontal lobe=OVER ACTIVITY IN RIGHT FRONTAL CORTEX

-social cognitive perspective

•cycle of negative moods and thoughts

•pessimistic thinking is related to depression=incoming freshman study

-Drug Therapies=antidepressants

-30% of people are drug resistant

-social cognitive therapy works well

-sun box

-break from reality/phsycotic break

-negative symptoms=present in  normal person but are missing in someone with schizo

•lack of emotional expression

•lack of ability to recognize others emotions

-positive symptoms=something present for schizo person that is not in a normal person

•hearing voices

•hallucinations=taste, sight, smell

-type of schizophrenia

-delusional, more likely to act out violently or aggressively

-disorganization, no organization of thoughts

-mental disorganization

-no connecting thoughts

-type of schizophrenia

-predominantly negative

-look like statues

-slow or no speech

-type of schizophrenia

-something is extremely wrong but subject doesn't fit into any categories

-DIAGNOSIS IS NOT CLEAN

-similar to treatment resistant depression

-most difficult to treat

-aims to reveal repressed and conflicted impulses

-client free-associates and analyst interpret and provides insight

-

-Freud/Psychoanalysis

-emphazises the role of childhood experiences

-modern psychoanalysis

-long term therapy

-emphasis on early childhood

Rogers/Humanistic Therapies

-client guides therapy session

-works to increase self-awareness and self acceptance/personal growth

-talk about current and future events

-no unconscious

-take responsibility

-say what you mean

-aim is behavior modification

-not concerned w/ thoughts or feelings, only actions

-classical and operant conditioning

-classical conditioning

-change response to opposite response

-storm/sex example

-classical conditioning

-exposure to get over fear/make confortable

-classical conditioning

-aversion repsonse, nails

-operant conditioning

-system of rewards and punishments

-found in mental institutions/jails

-hope=hope for recovery/progress

-new perspective/insight=to help move forward

-empathy=therapists should feel empathetic

-trust=needs to be trust in a theraputic relationship

-caring=therapist has to be a caring person

-personality factor

-organized, careful, disciplined

vs

-disorganized, careless, impulsive

-soft-hearted, trusting, helpful

vs

-ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative

Neuroticism

(emotional stability vs instability)

-calm, secure, self-satisfied

vs

-anxious, insecure, self-pitying

-imaginative, preference for variety, independent

vs

practical, preference for routine, conforming

-sociable, fun-loving, affectionate

vs

-retiring, sober, reserved