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| process of perceiving and responding to events, threatening or challenging |
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| arouses body, fight or flight |
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| calms body, conserves energy |
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| subfield of psych. contributes to behavioral medicine. Study of social, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional factors that influence health and disease |
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studies behavior and medicine. Multidisciplinary, not limited to psychologists
Integrates behavioral science approaches with biomedical knowledge and techniques
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| clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle. leading cause of death in many developed countries |
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| comeptitive, impatient, aggressive, and anger-prone |
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| depressed, distressed, anxious |
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| stress-related physical illness, some forms of hypertension and some headaches |
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| 2 types of white blood cells in body's immune system |
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| bone marrow, rlease antibodies that fight bacterial infections |
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| thymus gland, attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances |
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| positive effects derived from expectations |
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| negative effects derived from expectations |
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| Freud's theory of personality |
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| attributes our thoughts/actions to unconscious motives and conflicts |
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| approach to treating disorders, exposing and interpreting unconscious tension |
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| unconscious psychic energy, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives, operates on the pleasure principle, demands immediate gratification |
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| the part of personality that presents internalized ideals, provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations |
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| the largely conscuous, exectuive part of personality, the arbitrator between the id and superego, operates on the reality principle, satisfies the id in ways that realistically birng pleasure rather than pain |
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| children incorporate their parents' values into thier own developing superegos |
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| childhood stages of development, id's pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones |
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| lingering focus of energy at a psychosexual stage, occurs where conflicts are unresolved |
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| sexual desires toward mother, jealousy and hatred for rival father |
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| banish anxiety arousing thoughts and memories from consciousness |
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| retreat to mor infatile psyschosexual stage, psychic energy remains fixed |
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| unconsciously switiching impulses into its opposite form, expresses the opposite of the anxiety-arousing feeling |
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| disguise threatening impulses by attribuiting them to others |
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| provide justifcation that substitute for the real (more threatening) unconscious reason for actions |
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| shifts sexual/agressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person , redirect anger toward a safer outlet |
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| type of personality test, provides ambiguous stumuli that triggers the projection of one's inner dynamics |
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| method of exploring the unconscious, person relaxes, says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing |
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| thematic apperception tets (TAT) |
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| rorschach inkblot test, people express inner feelings/interests through the stories they create about ambiguous scenes |
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| used to identify inner feelings by analyzing interpretations of blots, has very little psychometric validity |
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| ultimate need, after other needs are met, motivation to fulfill one's potential |
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| importance of childhood social tension; growth motivation, deficiency motivation, and inferiority complex |
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| balanced Freud's masculine biases; countered notion of "penis envy", parent child interaction; anxiety, sexuality, and comeptiveness |
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| emphasized the collective unconscious, shared inherited reservoir of memory form our species' history |
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| studied self actualizaion in productive and healthy people |
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| focused on growth and fulfillment; genuineness, acceptance, and empathy |
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| uncondtional positive regard |
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| an altitude of total acceptance toward selves and others |
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| our thoughts/feelings about ourselves, ideal self, "who am I?" |
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| innate characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving |
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| a structured survey, items guage feelings and behaviors, assess select personality traits |
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| based on defintion of traits |
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| develop a pool of items that predict traits |
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| most widely researched and used personality traits, identifes emotional disorders, used for multi-purpose screening |
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| social cognitive perspective |
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| behavior influenced by the interaction between people and their social contexts |
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| interacting influences between personality and environment |
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| our sense of controlling our enviornments, rather than feeling helpless |
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| external locus of control |
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| forces beyond one's control determine fate |
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| internal locus of control |
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| perception that one controls own fate |
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| hoplessness and passive resignation, learned when unable to avoud repeated aversive events, reusluts in stress and depression |
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| one's feelings of high or low self-worth |
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| beleif in one's ability to perform a certain task |
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| synthetic model (bio-psycho-social) |
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| interaction between biological, psychological, and socio-cultural influences, creates psychological disorders |
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| distressing, persisitent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety |
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| generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) |
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| uncontrollable worry about domains of functioning , chronic autonomic nervous system arousal, 66% women |
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| minutes-long episodes of intense dread, terror, chest pain, choking, or toehr frightening sensation , can spiral into anxiety about panic |
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| persistant, irrationla fear of a specific object or situation |
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| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
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| unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions |
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| awarenss becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts and feelings |
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| dissocaitve identity disorder |
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| rare dissocative disorder, exhibit 2 or more distinct personalities |
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| common reports of losing oneself |
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| defense mechanism, handedness, visual/mental acuity |
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| disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring behavior patterns, impairs social functioning |
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| antisocail personality disorder |
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| sociopath/psychopath, lacks conscience for wrongdoing, may be aggressive or ruthles or a clever con artist, usually male, characteristics emerge at early age |
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| characterized by emotional extremes |
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| major depressive disorder |
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| for no apparent reason, person experiences 2 or more weeks of depressive moods, feelings of worthlessness, diminished interest/pleasure in most activities |
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| person alternates bewtween hoplessness and lethargy and the overexcited state of mania |
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| disorder marked by hyperactive wildly optimistic state |
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| "split mind", disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions |
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| false beliefs that may accompany psychotic disorders |
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| sensory experiences without sensory stiumulation |
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| Emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and client suffering from psychological difficulties |
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Psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy
Depends on the client’s disorder |
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| empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies |
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| applies learning principles to shape unwanted behaviors |
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| conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwated behaviors |
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| systematic desensitization |
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| associates a relaxed state with gradually inincreasing anxiety triggering stimuli. used to treat phbias |
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| treat anxieties by exposing people by imagination or reality to things that they fear |
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| associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted reward |
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| operant conditioning procedure, rewards desired behavior |
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| teaches people new more adaptive ways of thinkin. assumes thoughts intervene between events and emotions |
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| understand's clients condition by exploring childhood experiences. intepretation and transference |
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| patients free associations, resistances, and dreams. therapists interpretations of them |
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| humanistic therapy/client-centered therapy |
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| therapists use techiniques such as active listeing withn a gunine, accepting, empathetic enviornment to facilitate clients' growth |
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| analyst notes supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other signifigant behaviors in order to promote insight |
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| patient transfers to the analyst emotions lnked with othe relationships |
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