Term
|
Definition
| individual cells in the nervous system that recieve, intergrate and transmit information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell body, contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells; info flows into the cell body from the dendrites and then travels along the axon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "tree" parts of a neuron that are specialized to recieve info |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long, thin, fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands; may be a number of feet long |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insulating material that encases some axons; speads up transmission of of signals that move along axons; if deteriorates signals may not be transmitted effectivley |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small knobs that secrete chemicals called neuron transmitters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| junction where info is transmitted from one neuron to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells foung throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons; much smaller then neurons, outnumber them by 10 to 1, 50% of brains volume, supply nourishment to neurons, help remove waste products, provide insulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neurons stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive; about -70 millivolts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluids inside and outside the neuron containing electrically charged atoms and molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very brief shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels along the axon; neuron is now positive; all or none law |
|
|
Term
| absolute refactory period |
|
Definition
| the min length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin; 1 or 2 milliseconds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microscopic gap btwn the terminal button of one one neuron and the cell membrane of another neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuron that sends a signal across the gap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuron that recieves the signal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemicals that transmit info from one neuron to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a neurotransmitter and a receptor molecule combine; a voltage change at a receptor site on a postsynaptic cell membrane; probability depends on amount of voltage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane; allows synapses to recycle their materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmitter btwn motor neurons and voluntary muscles; every mobe you make deoends on ACh released to your muscles by motor meurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internally produced chemicals that resemble opistes in structure and effects |
|
|
Term
| peripheral nervous system |
|
Definition
| made up of all those nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord; divided into somatic and autonomic nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bundles of neuron fibers (axons) that are routed together in the peripheral nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| axons that carry info inward to the central nervous system from the periphery of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| axons that carry info outward from the central nervous system to the peripohery of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels smooth muscles and glands; fight or flight response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conserves bodily resources; allow body to save and store energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lies within skull and spinal column; cerebrospinal fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| destroying a piece of the brain |
|
|
Term
| electrical stimulation of the brain |
|
Definition
| sending a weak electric current into a brain structure to stimulate behavior |
|
|
