Term
|
Definition
| a girl's sexual desire for her father |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which we percieve and respond to certain events called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a threat or challenge that causes us to feel stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and decease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a subfield of psychology that applies psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| optimal level of stress which has a positive effect, usually short lived |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic, prolonged stress that can lead to health problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interaction between person and environment, primary appraisal and secondary appraisal (Lazarus & Folkman) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "What is at stake?" (Lazarus & Folkman) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "What can I do about it?" (Lazarus & Folkman) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "fight or flight", epinephrine and norepinephrine in crease heart and respiratory rates, hypothalamus and pituitary gland respond to stress and release glucocordicoids (Walter Cannon) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hormone secreted by outer adrenal glands in response to stress |
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine & Norepinephrine |
|
Definition
| secreted from adrenal glands in response to stress, increases heart rate and respiratory functions, mobilizes sugar and fat, and dulling pain |
|
|
Term
| General Adaptive Syndrome |
|
Definition
a stress response to any kind of stimulation
1. alarm response (mobilize resources)
2. Resistance (cope with stressor)
3. Exhaustion (depletion of resources)
(Hans Selye) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maintenance of a steady internal state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unpredictable large scale event, may lead to depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| death of a loved one, moving away from home, may increase vulnerability to illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rush hours, long lines, most significant source of stress, can damage health |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stress elevates blood pressure and may result in coronary heart disease (Freedman & Rossman) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| competitive, hard working, impatient verbally aggressive, more likely develop coronary artery disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| easy going, relaxed, less at risk for health problems |
|
|
Term
| Stress and the Immune System |
|
Definition
| during stress, energy is mobilized away from the immune system, making it vulnerable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fight bacterial infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attacks cancer cells and viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ingest foreign substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stress does not cause cancer, researches disagree on whether stress influences the progression of cancer, researchers agree that avoiding stressand having a hopeful attitude does not reverse advanced cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reducing stress by changing the events that cause stress (Lazarus & Folkman) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changing how one reacts to stress (Lazarus and Folkman) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A resource in coping with stress according to the Buffering Hypothesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consisting of resources and protective factors in coping with stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electronic device that informs about physiological responses and helps patients to learn how to modify there responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting, develops as a result of our efforts to resolve conflicts between the ID and the superego |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Freud's theory of personality and therapeutic techniques that attribute thoughts and action to unconcious motives and conflicts. Freud beleived that the patients fress associations, resistance of them-released previously repressed feeling, allowing the patient to gain self insight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts wishes feelings and memories, information processing of which we are unaware (Freud) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| operates on the pleasure principle-demanding instant gratification, unconsciously strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive desires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Functions as the executive, mediates the demands of the ID and the superego through defense mechanisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Functions as the executive, mediates the demands of the ID and the superego through defense mechanisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides standards of judgement for conscious concerns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| saying whatever comes to mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 0-18 months, sucking/chewing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 18-36 months, exposition of excrement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6 - puberty, sexuality is dormant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from puberty on, maturation of sexual interest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a boy's sexual desire for his mother and feelings of hatred and jealousy for his rival father |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a boy's sexual desire for his mother and feelings of hatred and jealousy for his rival father |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| banishing anxiety, arousing thoughts feelings and memories from consciousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| retreating to a more infantile stage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disguise own threatening impulses by attributing the to others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| self-justifications explanations in place of real, more threatening, unconscious reasons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes the ego to unconsciously switch unacceptable impulses in to their opposites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable outlet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable outlet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evaluates personality from an unconscious perspective |
|
|
Term
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
|
Definition
| people are asked what is happening in a series of images (Henry Murray) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| show people inkblot and ask them what they see, must be highly trained to interpret answers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reaching one's true potential, all lower need must be met before this can be achieved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common reservoir of images derived from our species past (Jung) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common reservoir of images derived from our species past (Jung) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pyramid of needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active (Maslow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pyramid of needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs before active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on learning theory, emphasizes the influence of the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1960s reaction to Freudian Theory, tries to understand how people become who they are (Maslow & Rogers) |
|
|
Term
| Internal Locus of Control |
|
Definition
| the perception that one controls his own fate |
|
|
Term
| External Locus of Control |
|
Definition
| the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our person control, control our fate |
|
|
Term
| Social Cognitive Perspective |
|
Definition
| emphasizes our sense of personal control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attempt s to foster human fulfillment, seeks positive subjective, well being, positive character and positive social groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the interacting influences between personality and environmental influences (Bandura) |
|
|
Term
| Unconditional Positive Regard |
|
Definition
| an attitude of total acceptance towards another person (Rogers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conscientiousness, agreeable, neuroticism, openness, extraversion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related item (called factors) on a test, used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score |
|
|
Term
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
|
Definition
| the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests, originally developed to identify emotional disorders ( still considered it most appropriate ), this test is now used for many other screen purposes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sense of one's identity and personal worth, all of our thoughts and feeling about ourselves, in answer to the question "Who am I?" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defined by frequency, intensity and duration |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) |
|
Definition
| created my the American Psychiatric Association, describes 400 disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a psychological disorder marked marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more three key symptoms, extreme inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| feeling of excessive apprehensions and anxiety |
|
|
Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
|
Definition
| persistence and uncontrollable tenseness and apprehension, worried about everything all the time, 3% - 5% of people have this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| discrete episodes of intense dread, physiological symptoms (heart racing, tightness in chest, dizzy, shaking), cognitive symptoms (think they're crazy, fear it will happen again) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anxiety about social situations or public spaces, associated with panic attack, escape concerns, leads to avoidance of going out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific fears of objects or situations, obvious and persistent unreasonable or excessive, causes significant impairment or stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persistence unwanted thought (obsessions), persistent unwanted behaviors (compulsions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by exposure to a tramatic event, characterized by intense fear, helplessness and horror, experience haunting memories, nightmare, social withdrawal and jumpy anxiety |
|
|
Term
| The Biological Perspective on Anxiety |
|
Definition
| natural selection: adapt to learn fear for snakes, spiders and other dangers, also called prepared fears |
|
|
Term
| Psychoanalytic Theory and Anxiety Disorders |
|
Definition
| painful and intolerable ideas, feeling and thoughts are repressed resulting in anxiety |
|
|
Term
| Learning Theory and Anxiety Disorders |
|
Definition
| conditioned, generalized, avoidance, observed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disturbance of mood or affect |
|
|
Term
| Major Depressive Disorder |
|
Definition
| depressed mood, anhedonia, sleep or appetite disturbances, feeling of worthlessness or guilt, fatigue, poor concentration, suicidal thoughts or behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic low mood (but not as low as in Major Depressive Disorder), mood must be low for at least 2 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alternating depressive episodes and manic episodes |
|
|
Term
| Biology and Mood Disorder |
|
Definition
| genetic factors, runs in families |
|
|
Term
| Psychoanalytic Theory and Depression |
|
Definition
| Anger turned inward, result of early childhood experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refusal to maintain normal body weight, eats very little, intense fear of gaining weight,distorted self image, no period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| episodes of over eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting and laxative use and fasting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of chronic severe disorders, onset late adolescence/ early adulthood, affects 1 in 100 people, 24 million people worldwide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adding something that wasn't there before |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taking away something that was there before |
|
|
Term
| Explanations for Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| Abnormal Brain Morphology, Viral infection while in utero, Dopamine Overactivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of trust, openness and working together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goal is to bring repressed material into conscious awareness, methods are free association, resistance, transference, interpretation and insight (Freud) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| purposefully talking about what the patient doesn't want to talk about |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| analyst interprets results in order to promote insight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the patients transfer to the analyst of emotions linked to other relationships |
|
|
Term
Humanist Theory
(Client Centered Therapy) |
|
Definition
| goal is to enhance self fulfillment by helping the client grow in self awareness. method used are unconditional positive regard, genuineness, empathy and active listening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paying close attention to what the client is saying |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| application of learning principles to eliminate unwanted behavior, used classical and operant conditioning |
|
|
Term
| Types of Counter Conditioning |
|
Definition
| exposure therapy and aversive conditioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flooding-expose people to their fears all at once
Systematic Desensitization- expose people to their fears in several progressive steps using hierarchy of fears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| token earned for exhibiting good behavior and then exchanged for privileges, often used in institutional settings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes the way people think in order to change the way they feel and behave, teaches adaptive ways of thinking and acting, based on the assumptions that thought intervene between feeling and behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs used to treat psychological disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depress the central nervous system, reduce anxiety and tension, by elevating GABA levels, example: Xanex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SSRI's improve mood by elevating levels of serotonin by inhibiting re-uptake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lithium carbonate, used to stabilize manic episodes of bipolar disorder, moderate levels of epinephrine and glutamate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only used in the most severe cases in which people do not respond to other treatments, patient is anesthetized and given muscle relaxers, electric current runs through the brain cause seizures, results in the temporary relief of depression |
|
|
