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Psychology
Psychology
49
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2008

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Shaping
Definition
Rewarding successive approximations of behaviour
Term
Generalization
Definition
The CR is observed even though the CS is slightly different from the original CS
Term
Discrimination
Definition
Learning to an exact stimulus
Term
Second Order Conditioning
Definition
Being able to not only pair 1 stimulus to a response, but also pair another one above that.
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
Conditioning through Re-enforcement and punishment
Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition
One thing leads to another
Term
Habituation
Definition
Simple form of learning in which is repeated or prolongued exposure to a stimulus results in reduction in responding.
Term
Spontaneous Recovery
Definition
The recovery of learned responding, post extinction, after a rest period
Term
The Law of Effect
Definition
Satisfying things tend to be repeated and unpleasant things are less likely to be repeated
Term
Premack Principle
Definition
When a preferred activity can be used to reinforce a nonpreferred activity
Term
Memory
Definition
The ability to store and retrieve information over time
Term
Encoding
Definition
The process by which we transform what we thin, perceive or feel into an enduring memory
Term
Storage
Definition
Maintaining information over time
Term
Retrieval
Definition
Bringing into mind information that has been previously encoded and stored
Term
Sensory Memory Store
Definition
Where sensory information is kept for a few seconds or less
Term
Sensory Memory Store
Definition
Where sensory information is kept for a few seconds or less
Term
Short Term Memory Store
Definition
A place where nonsensory information is kept for more than a few seconds but less than a minute
Term
Rehearsal
Definition
The process of keeping information in short term memory by mentally repeating it
Term
Chunking
Definition
Combining small pieces of information into larger clusters that are more easily held in short term memory
Term
Working Memory
Definition
Active maintenance of information in short-term memory
Term
Explicit Memory
Definition
Consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences
Term
Implicit Memory
Definition
Influence of past experiences on later behavior and performance, even though people are not trying to recollect them and are not aware that they are remembering them
Term
Procedural Memory
Definition
Gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice.
Term
Priming
Definition
Enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus
Term
Semantic Memory
Definition
General Knowledge
Term
Episodic Memory
Definition
Collection of past personal experiences that occured at a particular time and place
Term
Schemas
Definition
Mental Representations of how things work
Term
Von Restorff Effect
Definition
Things that stand out are easily remembered
Term
Phoneme
Definition
Smallest units of sound
Term
Morpheme
Definition
Smallest meaningful units
Term
Syntax
Definition
Word Order
Term
Grammar
Definition
Combining words into sentences
Term
Nativist View
Definition
Innate language acquisition device
Term
Behaviorist View
Definition
Reward and Punishment
Term
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Definition
Language shapes how we think, and How we think shapes language
Term
Systematic Desensitization
Definition
Decrease in fear due to gradual exposure
Term
Normative Reasoning
Definition
How people should reason
Term
Descriptive reasoning
Definition
How people do reason
Term
Algorithm
Definition
Systematically exhaust all posibilities and guaranteed to get the right answer
Term
Heuristics
Definition
Rule of thumb. Not guaranteed to get the right answer
Term
Anchoring
Definition
Decision based on serial order
Term
Mental Set
Definition
Sticking to the old ways to solve a problem, even though there is a better solution.
Term
Functional Fixedness
Definition
Failing to see objects for a different use
Term
Recognition
Definition
If one of 2 alternatives is recognized, go with it
Term
Tallying
Definition
Count the number of favoring cues and go with the option that satisfies the most
Term
Satisficing
Definition
Taking the first choice exceeding your aspiration level
Term
1/n
Definition
allocate equally
Term
Default-
Definition
If there is a default, do nothing about it
Term
Tit for Tat
Definition
Cooperate at first then imitate your partner's last behavior
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