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| the idea that intelligence is one basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities, according to Spearman |
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| the trend toward increasing average IQ over sucessive generations |
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| Seattle Longitudinal Study |
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| the first study of adult intelligence that used a cross-sequential research design |
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| made up of those basic mental abilities-inductive reasoning, abstract thinking, short-term memory, speed of thinking, and the like-required for understanding any subject matter |
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| crystallized intelligence |
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| accumulation of facts, information, and knowledge that comes with education and experience within a particular culture |
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| includes all the mental processes that foster academic proficiency by making efficient learning, remembering, and thinking possible |
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| invloves the capacity for flexible and innovating thinking |
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| the capacity to adapt one's behavior to the demands of the situation, such as everyday problem solving |
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Term
| selective optimization with compensation |
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Definition
| the tendency of adults to select certain aspects of their lives to focus on, and optimize, in order to compensate for declines in other areas |
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| someone who is notable more skilled and knowledgeable than the average person about whichever activities are personally meaningful |
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| prejudice against older people |
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| a babyish way of speaking to older adults, using simple sentences, a slower rate, higher pitch, and repitition |
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| medical specialty devoted to aging |
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| the study of the characteristics of human populations |
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| a person who is 100 years of age or older |
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| ratio of self sufficient, productive adults to children and elderly adults |
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| healthy and vigorous, well off finacially, well integrated into the lives of their familes and communities, and politically active |
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| those who suffer severe physical, mental, or social problems in later life |
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| dependent on other for almost everything |
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| refers to the universal and irreversible physical changes that occur as people get older |
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| refers to changes that are more common as people age but are caused by health habits, genes, and other influences that vary from person to person |
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| various diseases that affect the heart and the circulatory system |
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| a limiting of the time any person spends ill |
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| parts of the human body deteriorate with use as well as with accumulated exposure to pllution and radiation, toxic foods, drugs, disease, and various other stresses |
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| triggers hormonal changes, regulates cellular reprofuctin and repair, and timing aging and the moment of death |
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| maximum number of years that a particular species is genetically programmed to live, for humans this is about 122 years |
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| number of years the average newborn of a particular species is likely to live |
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Definition
| highly unstable atoms with unparied electrons that are capable of reacting with other molecules in the cell, tearing them apart and possibly accelerating aging |
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Definition
| compounds such as vitmains A, E, and C that nullify the effects of oxygen free radicals |
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Definition
| immune system cells that are manufactured in the bone marrow and create antibodies that attack specific invading bacteria and viruses |
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| immune system cells that are manufactured in the thymus and produce substances that attack infected cells of the body |
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| maximum number of times that cells cultured from humans and animals divide before dying |
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| ends of chromosomes; their length seems correlated with longevity |
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| practice of limiting dietary energy intake in an effort to slow down aging |
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Definition
| involes impaired performance of one task due to interference from the simultaneous performance of another task |
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| include strategies for retaining information, selective attention, and rules or strategies that aid problem solving, tend to become simplier and less efficent with age |
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| invloves the use of a clue, or some other form of preperation, to jog one's memory |
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| unconscious or automatic memory involving habits, emotional responses, routine procedures, and the senses |
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| unconciouc or automatic memory involving habits, emotional responses, routine procedures, and the senses |
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| overall slowdown of cognitive abilities that often occurs in the days or months before death |
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Definition
| severly impaired judgement, memory, or problem-solving ability that is irreversible and caused by organic brain damage or disease |
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| acute severe memory loss an dconfusion that dissapears in hours or days |
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| progressive disorder that is most common form of dementia, is characterized by plaques and tangles in the cerebral cortex that destroy normal brain functinoing |
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| accounts for about 15 percent of all dementia, occrus because of an infarct, or temporary obstruction of the blood vessels, prevents sufficient amount of blood from reaching an area in the brain. Characterized by sporadic and progressive loss of brain functioning |
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Definition
| such as parkinsons disease, huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, cause a progressive loss of motor control, with initially does not directly involve thinking or memory |
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| produces dementia as well as muscle rigidty or tremors, related to degeneration of neurons that produce dopamine |
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| older person attemps to put his or her life into perspective by recalling and recounting various aspects of life to members of the younger generations |
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| refers to expert knowledge in the fundamental pragmatics of life |
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| such as Erik Erikson's theory focus on how adults make choices, confront problems, and interpret reality in such a way as to express themselves as fully as possible |
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| final stage of development, older adults seek to integrate the unique experiences with their vision of community |
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| the tendency for elderly people to percieve, prefer, and remember positive experiences and images more than negative ones |
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| emphasize that social forces limit individual choices and affect the ability to function |
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| aging results in role relinquishment, social withdrawl, and passivity |
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| the view that older people remain active in a variety of social spheres and become withdrawn only unwillingly |
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Term
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| each person's life is an active, ever-changing, largely self-propelled process that occurs within ever-changing social contexts |
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| each person copes with late adulthood in much the asme way that he or she coped with earlier periods of life |
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| elderly prefer to age in place by remaing in same home and community even after their health declines |
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| major organization representing elderly adults in the United States |
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| network of people with whom we establish meaningful relationships as we travel through life |
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| the idea that adult children are obligated to care for their aging parents |
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| the minority of adults over age 65 who are physically infirm, very ill, or cognitively impaired |
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| comprise of five tasks: eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, and transferring from a bed to a chair |
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| instumental activities of daily life |
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Definition
| actions that require some intellectual competence and forethought, such as shopping for food, paying bills, and taking medication |
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| an arrangement in which a professional caregiver takes over to give a family caregiver a break from caring for a frail elderly person |
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| an intermediate form of elder care that provides some of the privacy and indeoendence of living at home, along with some medical supervision |
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| the study of death and dying |
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| an episode in which a person comes close to dying and reports having left his or her body, while feeling peacefulness and joy |
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| death that is peaceful, quick, painless, and that occurs at the end of a long life, in the company of family and friends |
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| an institution in which terminally ill patients recieve palliative care |
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| an institution in which terminally ill patients recieve palliative care |
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| care that relives suffering while safeguarding the person's dignity, such as care provided in hospice |
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| a situtaion in which medication had the intended effect of relieving a dying person's pain and the secondary effect of hastening death |
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Definition
| involves allowing a seriously ill person to die naturally by whithholding medical interventions |
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Definition
| a written order from a physician that no attempt should be made to revive a dying patient if he or she suffers cardiac or respiratory arrest |
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| involves a person taking action to end another person's life in order to relieve suffering |
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| physician-assisted suicide |
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Definition
| one in which a doctor provides the means for a person to end his or her life |
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| an argument that a given action will start a chain of events that will end in an undesirable outcome |
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| a document that specidies what medical interventiona person whats if he or she becomes incapable of expressing those wishes |
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| a person chosen to make medical decisions for someone else if the second person becomes unable to do so |
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| the sense of loss people feel following a death |
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| an individual's emotional response to bereavement |
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| the ceremonies and rituals that a religion or culture prescribes for bereaved people |
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| occurs when people cut themselves off from the community and customs of grief and mourning |
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| occurs when bearbed people are not permitted to mourn publicly |
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| occurs when circumstances such as criminal investigation, interfere with grieving |
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