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Psychology Unit 1
Unit 1 vocab of AP Psychology
29
Psychology
11th Grade
08/10/2015

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Term
Hindsight Bias
Definition
The tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it. (I-Knew-It-All-Along phenomenon)
Term
Critical Thinking
Definition
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. It explains assumptions, discerns, hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
Term
Theory
Definition
An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
Testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Term
Operational Definition
Definition
statement of procedures used to define research variables.
Term
Replication
Definition
Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances
Term
Survey
Definition
Technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative random sample from them
Term
Case study
Definition
Observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
Term
False Consensus
Definition
Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share behaviors and beliefs
Term
Random Sample
Definition
Sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Term
Population
Definition
all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study (Except for national studies)
Term
Naturalistic Obervation
Definition
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Term
Correlation
Definition
Measure of extent to which two factors vary together and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
Term
Scatterplot
Definition
Graphed cluster o dots, each of which represents the values of two variables
Term
Illusory Correlation
Definition
The perception of relationships where none exists
Term
Experiment
Definition
Research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more processes by random assignment of participants
Term
Double-Blind Procedure
Definition
Experimental procedure in which both the research participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo
Term
Placebo effect
Definition
Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by administration of an inert substance or condition which is assumed to be an active agent
Term
Experimental Condition
Definition
Condition of experiment that exposes participants to the treatment that is, to one version of the independent variable
Term
Control Conditions
Definition
Condition of experiment that contrasts with experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment
Term
Random Assignment
Definition
assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
Term
Independent Variables
Definition
Outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
Term
Mode
Definition
Most frequently occurring score in a distribution
Term
Mean
Definition
Arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing them by the number of scores
Term
Median
Definition
Middle score in a distribution, half the scores are above and half below it
Term
Range
Definition
Difference between highest and lowest scores in a distribution
Term
Standard Deviation
Definition
Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
Term
Statistical Significance
Definition
Statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
Term
Culture
Definition
Enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
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