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Psychology Unit 4 Test
Psychology Unit 4 Test
69
Psychology
11th Grade
06/12/2007

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Term
1. Our awareness of various mental processes such as making decisions, daydreaming, reflecting, and concentrating is called:
Definition
consciousness
Term
2. Vivid visual and auditory experiences that our minds create primarily during REM periods of sleep are called:
Definition
dream
Term
3. A client tells his therapist about a dream of riding on a train with his boss. At the end of the journey, the boss gets off the train at a terminal. The therapist suggests that the “terminal” in the dream suggests an unconscious desire by the client
Definition
latent
Term
4. What does recent research seem to indicate about why we dream?
Definition
for brain to recover
Term
5. A sleep disorder characterized by breathing difficulty at night and feelings of exhaustion during the day is:
Definition
apnea
Term
6. A sleep disorder characterized by sudden nodding off during the day and loss of muscle tone following moments of emotional excitement is:
Definition
narcolepsy
Term
7. When people deprived of REM sleep are finally allowed to sleep undisturbed, the amount of time they spend in REM sleep:
Definition
amount of REM sleep doubles (rebound
Term
8. The strong physical need for a substance, such as some drug, in order to avoid withdrawal is called:
Definition
addiction / substance dependence
Term
9. The phenomenon whereby higher doses of a drug are required to produce its original effects is:
Definition
tolerance
Term
10. Unpleasant physical or psychological effects that follow the discontinuance of a dependence-producing substance is:
Definition
withdrawal
Term
11. Alcohol is implicated in two-thirds of what occurrences?
Definition
automobile / accidents / domestic child abuse / murder
Term
12. Addictive drugs, such as heroin, that dull the senses and induce feelings of euphoria, well-being, and relaxation are:
Definition
opiates
Term
13. Recent research has found that the neurochemical properties of nicotine are similar to those of:
Definition
cocaine
Term
14. Reed has undergone profound behavior changes recently. He has been aggressive and violent, eats very little, and has acted paranoid. These marked changes in his behavior are probably the result of _________ abuse.
Definition
amphetamine
Term
15. Some of the most common reasons that people drink are:
Definition
social interaction, relaxation, coping, pressure, religious observerance
Term
16. What are characteristics of the Crucial Phase of Alcoholism?
Definition
control when and where to drink. once start to drink, they can't stop. black out. engage in regretful behavior
Term
17. Society’s main standard for judging abnormal behavior is:
Definition
Not what most people do
Term
18. What does recent evidence suggest about the role of genetics in mental illness?
Definition
causes problems, orderly world in which people assume responsibility for their assigned roles. EG parents, conform to prevailing mores and meet situational requirement
Term
19. The view that people may be biologically predisposed to a mental disorder and will then tend to exhibit that disorder when particularly affected by stress is know as the _____ model of abnormal behavior.
Definition
diathesis stress
Term
20. A criticism of the DSM-IV is that it:
Definition
reflects on political idea
Term
21. About one in every_____ Americans suffers from some form of serious mental disorder during her or his lifetime.
Definition
3, 32%
Term
22. The most common mental health problem in the United States is:
Definition
substance abuse including alcohol
Term
23. The term “affect” is used by psychologists to refer to:
Definition
outward expression of emotional state
Term
24. A disorder involving mild to moderate, and highly persistent sadness (and related symptoms), that may linger with little relief for up to two years is called:
Definition
dysthymia
Term
25. A disorder in which people are sometimes inappropriately excited, hyperactive, with unlimited hopes and dreams, and are sometimes aggressive, hostile, and violent is:
Definition
mania
Term
26. An intense, paralyzing fear of a specific situation, object, person, or thing in the absence of any real danger is a ___________.
Definition
phobia
Term
27. An anxiety disorder that involves multiple, intense fear of crowds, public places, and other situations that require a separation from a source of security, such as home, is _________.
Definition
agoraphobia
Term
28. Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when she is, without warning, overcome by feelings of intense fear that she may lose control of herself. Her terror is so great that all she can do is sit at her desk shaking and crying. Nothing she w
Definition
panic disorder / panic attack
Term
29. An anxiety disorder in which a person feels driven to think disturbing thoughts and/or to perform senseless rituals is ___________ disorder.
Definition
obsessive compulsive
Term
30. Lynn has not slept well since the plane crash she survived three years ago. Lately she has experienced chronic anxiety and insomnia. When she does sleep, the nightmares are so frightening she usually wakes up in a cold sweat with her heart racing. Her
Definition
Post traumatic stress disorder
Term
31. If patients report blindness, deafness, paralysis, or seizures, but physicians cannot find any evidence of a physical problem or cause, they are likely to suspect ________ disorder.
Definition
somatoform conversion
Term
32. A somatoform disorder in which a person becomes so preoccupied with his or her imagined ugliness that normal life is impossible is called _________.
Definition
body dysmorphyc disorder
Term
33. A dissociative disorder that involves flight from home and the assumption of a new identity, with amnesia for past identity and events is called __________.
Definition
dissociative fugue
Term
34. A dissociative disorder in which a person has several distinct personalities that emerge at different times is known as __________.
Definition
dissociative identity disorder
Term
35. People with _______ disorders develop inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking and acting that are so exaggerated and rigid that they cause serious distress and social problems.
Definition
personality
Term
36. Amy does not have any close friends. In class she always seems lost in her own little world. She often has trouble answering questions in class, giving vague or confusing answers. She claims that she does not need any friends and prefers being alone.
Definition
schizoid personality disorder
Term
37. People who are suspicious, mistrustful, and hypersensitive to possible threats, or tricks, without any reason to be, have _________ personality disorder.
Definition
paranoid
Term
38. A personality disorder in which the person is unable to make choices on his or her own or do things independently, has deep underlying fears of being rejected, and cannot tolerate being alone is _______ personality disorder.
Definition
dependent
Term
39. Marty is timid, anxious, and fearful of rejection. He wants to have close relationships with others but is unable to because of his fears. So, he ends up isolated and lonely. He is suffering from ____________personality disorder.
Definition
avoidant
Term
40. A male graduate student in psychology brags that his doctoral dissertation will revolutionize psychology and make him famous, but he has not been able to write it yet. He blames his academic advisor for his problems and claims that other students are
Definition
narcissistic
Term
41. Heidi experiences sharp fluctuations in her self-image, her moods, and her interpersonal relationships. She acts impulsively, is promiscuous, and uses drugs. She feels uncomfortable about being alone and often manipulates people around her to control
Definition
borderline personality disorder
Term
42. John has made a career of stealing older people’s retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phony retirement investments. John explains that he has done nothing wrong; that if these people were not so greedy, they would not
Definition
antisocial
Term
43. _________ Disorders are marked by disordered communication and thoughts, inappropriate emotions and bizarre behaviors.
Definition
schizophonic
Term
44. Nick was admitted to a mental institution because he claimed to be the king of an alien race that would soon return to earth to dominate humankind. He claimed to be in constant communication with these aliens and helping to plan for their return. His
Definition
dillusions
Term
45. Laurie, a 30-year-old housewife, shows a childlike disregard for the normal conventions surrounding motherhood and, although she tries very hard not to, she interacts with her husband’s friends in irrational ways. She has delusions, hallucinations, an
Definition
disorganized
Term
46. If an identical twin becomes schizophrenic, there is about a _________ percent chance that the other twin will also become schizophrenic.
Definition
50%
Term
47. Jason is highly distractible, often fidgety and impulsive, and constantly in motion. While Jason has been this way since infancy, it is only now that he is in school that it has become a problem. Jason’s behavior is typical of someone suffering from _
Definition
ADHD
Term
48. Danny is a child who has always had trouble forming normal attachments to people. He never seemed to interact normally with his own parents and siblings. He cried when he was picked up, and as he grew older he did not develop normal speech. The only t
Definition
Austic disorder
Term
49. Therapies designed to give people better self-understanding of their feelings, motives, expectations, and actions are called _________ therapies.
Definition
insight
Term
50. Bringing repressed feelings to consciousness is the goal of _______ therapy.
Definition
psychoanalysis / psychodynamics
Term
51. Rogers felt that it was most important for clients to gain insight about _________.
Definition
current feelings
Term
52. Rogers felt therapists must express true acceptance for clients, no matter what they may say or do. He called this process of acceptance __________.
Definition
unconditional positive regard
Term
53. Hank’s therapist asks him to engage in an imaginary conversation with is dead mother in order to resolve his feelings of sadness about her death. Hank’s therapist is probably a _________ therapist.
Definition
gestalt
Term
54. Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned, and that the objective of therapy is to teach people new, more satisfying ways of behaving are ________ therapies.
Definition
behavioral
Term
55. The method that gradually reduces a client’s fears by training the client to remain relaxed and calm in the presence of a fear-producing stimulus is _______.
Definition
systematic desenization
Term
56. Every time Jeanie opens here cigarette case or uses her lighter, she gets a painful electric shock. Jeanie’s friends and family have been asked no to give here any cigarettes or light any cigarettes for her, so she must use her own lighter is she want
Definition
aversive therapy
Term
57. Eileen goes to a therapist for help in losing weight. She and her therapist develop a contract spelling out weekly step-by-step methods to reach Eileen’s ultimate weight goal. The plan specifies rewards for reaching weekly goals and penalties for no
Definition
behavioral contracting
Term
58. Psychotherapies that emphasize changing client’s perceptions of their life situations as a way of modifying their behavior are called:
Definition
cognative therapy
Term
59. A therapist challenges what she sees as her client’s irrational and self-defeating beliefs. She uses persuasion, confrontation, challenge, demands, theoretical arguments, and even homework assignments to challenge those beliefs. She is probably a ___
Definition
rational emotive
Term
60. What are the advantages of group therapy?
Definition
-
Term
61. Most couple therapist concentrate on improving:
Definition
communication
Term
62. Bergin and Lambert’s (1978) study found that about one out of every ____ people with mental health problems improves without treatment.
Definition
3
Term
63. A recent review of a Consumer Reports survey by Seligman found that:
Definition
-
Term
64. Drugs that combat depression work by:
Definition
preventing the re-uptake
Term
65. Electroconvulsive therapy is most often used to alleviate:
Definition
very severe depression
Term
66. Perhaps the largest single obstacle to rehabilitating former mental health patients is the:
Definition
social stigma attached to the mental illness
Term
67. Estimates of the percentage of homeless people who are mentally ill range from:
Definition
10% - 47%

about 600,000
Term
68. Reducing the incidence of emotional disturbance by eliminating the conditions that cause or contribute to mental disorders and substituting conditions that foster mental well-being is called:
Definition
prevention
Term
69. Ultimately, the best solution to providing psychotherapy to a multicultural population is to:
Definition
people with different background
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