Term
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Definition
| The systematic study of behaviour and mental processes. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist? |
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Definition
-Psychologists cannot perform medical procedures/ prescribe drugs. -Psychologists do not have the authority to hospitalise someone. |
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Term
| What does an academic pyschologist do? |
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Definition
| An academic psychologist conducts research in areas of interest in pyschology, often combining research with psychology teaching. Usually work in universities. |
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Term
| What does a clinical psychologist do? |
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Definition
| A clinical psychologist is concerned with the assessment, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of a wide range of mental health problems, including serious and/or life-threatening problems. |
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Term
| What does a neuropsychologist do? |
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Definition
| A neuropsychologist specialises in the assessment and diagnosis of brain impairment and how this affects thinking, emotions, behaviour and personality. |
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Term
| What does a community psychologist do? |
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Definition
| A community psychologist is concerned with community issues and helping people to achieve their goals in areas such as community health and welfare. |
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Term
| What does a counselling psychologist do? |
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Definition
| A counselling psychologist helps people deal effectively with all kinds of personal and relationship problems. Problems are less serious than those dealt with by a clinical pychologist. |
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Term
| What does an educational/developmental psychologist do? |
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Definition
| An educational/developmental psychologist provides assessment, intervention and counselling services relevant to the management of developmental and educational issues. |
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Term
| What does a forensic psychologist do? |
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Definition
| A forensic psychologist applies their knowledge to the legal system and correctional services. They also provide expert opinion to the courts on matters such as criminal behaviour, chlid abuse and custody disputes. |
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Term
| What does a health psychologist do? |
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Definition
| A health psychologist helps promote health-related behaviour, the prevention and treatment of psychologically-based illness, and improvement of the heathcare system. |
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Term
| What does an organisational psychologist do? |
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Definition
| An organisational psychologist helps people function effectively in their work envirnoments. They may work with individuals or an organisation as a whole. Areas of expertise include staff recruitment, selection and review, job redesign, work performance etc. |
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Term
| What does a sport psychologist do? |
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Definition
| A sport psychologist provides assistance to athletes to help them reach peak performance, develop their personal well-being etc. |
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Term
| What does a research psychologist do? |
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Definition
| A research psychologist uses skills in research design, statistics and data analysis in undertaking research on behalf of private or public organisations. |
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Term
| Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) |
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Definition
-Was the first to study psychology scientifically -Established the laboratory for psychology in 1879 |
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Term
| William James (1842-1910) |
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Definition
-Studied psychology naturalistically -Published widely aclaimed volumes on psychology |
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Term
| Herman Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) |
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Definition
-Studied learning & memory -Developed the 'forgetting curve' |
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Term
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Definition
-Developed the first intelligence test -Coined the term 'intelligence quota (IQ) |
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Term
John B. Watson (1878-1958) |
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Definition
-Influenced psychologists to study behaviour -4 goals of psychology: describe, predict, unserstand & control -Experimented with humans, classical conditioning |
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Term
| What is empirical evidence? |
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Definition
| Empirical evidence is is data that is collected directly by observation and experimentation. |
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Term
| What is the importance of replication in an experiment? |
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Definition
| Replication of an experiment helps ensure it is reliable and can be generalised to be applied to different populations. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Define the research problem 2. Formulate a hypothesis 3. Design the method 4. Collect data 5. Analyse data 6. Interpret data 7. Report findings |
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Term
What is qualitative data? |
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Definition
| Qualitative data is data that describes the qualities, characterisitcs etc. of what is being studied. |
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Term
What are the factors influencing pro-social behaviour? Pmec Snir Nsr
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Definition
Personal: Mood, competence, empathy Situational: Noticing the situation, interpreting the situation, taking responsibility Social Norms : Reciprocity norm, social responsibilty norm
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Term
What are the factors influencing reluctance to help? CADS |
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Definition
-Cost-benefit Analysis -Audience Inhibition -Diffusion of Responsibility -Social Influence |
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Term
What distinguishes bullying fom other types of anti-scoial behaviour? |
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Definition
-Involves innappropriate use of power -Is repeated over time |
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Term
| What are the features of a group? |
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Definition
-Common goal -Communication -Influence each other |
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Term
| What are the features of a collective? |
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Definition
-Common goal -Little/no interaction -Larger numbers than a group |
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Term
| What are the features of a clique? |
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Definition
-Common goal (interests) -Greater communication -Smaller numbers than a group |
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Term
| How does a group influence individual behaviour? |
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Definition
-Peer pressure -Risk-taking (thrill-seeking, reckless, rebellious, anti-social) |
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Term
| What are the four different types of risk-taking? |
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Definition
-Thrill-seeking -Reckless -Rebellious -Anti-social |
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Term
| What are the different types of power (6)? |
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Definition
-Reward power -Coercive power -Legitimate power -Referent power -Expert power -Informational power |
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Term
| What did Philip Zimbardo do? |
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Definition
| Philip Zimbardo conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment. This experiment showed the effects of status and power within a group i.e. people's behaviour change when they are assigned a role (of a certain status). |
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Term
| What is the definition of 'conformity'? |
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Definition
| Conformity is the tendency to adjust one's thoughts, feelings or behaviour to fit in with a group or society. |
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Term
| What are the factors affecting conformity (5)? |
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Definition
-Group size -Unanimity -Informational influence -Normative influence -Culture |
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Term
| What did Stanley Milgram do? |
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Definition
| Milgram conducted an experiment on obedience, where he asked his subject to give an electric shock to a 'learner' whenever they gave an incorrect response to a question. |
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Term
| What are the factors effecting obedience (3)? |
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Definition
-Social proximity -Legitimacy of the authority figure -Group size |
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Term
| Who designed the "visual cliff" experiment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 4 stages does Piaget's theory consist of? |
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Definition
-Sensorimotor (0-2 years) -Preoperational (2-7 years) -Concrete Operational (7-12 years) -Formal Operational (12+ years) |
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Term
| What accomplishments are in the sensorimotor stage (2)? |
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Definition
-Object permancence -Goal directed behaviour |
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Term
| What accomplishments are in the preoperational stage (4)? |
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Definition
-Egocentrism -Animism -Transformation -Reversibility |
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Term
| What accomplishments are in the concrete operational stage (2)? |
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Definition
-Conservation -Classification |
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Term
| What accomplishments are in the formal operational stage (3)? |
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Definition
-Abstract thinking -Logical thinking -Idealistic thinking |
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Term
| What is the definition of self-esteem? |
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Definition
| Self-esteem is the personal judgement of the value/worthiness of oneself. |
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Term
| What is the negative cycle people with low self- esteem can get into? |
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Definition
Low self-esteem - Negative expectations - Low effort/High anxiety - Failure - Self-blame |
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