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| neuron fibers that receive messages from other neurons |
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| the cell body- some function as dendrites |
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| fiber that carries info away from cell body |
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| bulb-shaped fibers at end of axons; form synapses with dendrites and somas of other neurons |
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| electrical charge of a neuron at rest |
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| the point at which a nerve impulse is triggered |
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| tiny holes in axon membrance |
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| fatty layer coating some axons |
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| nerve impulses conducted down the axons of neurons coated with myelin; jump from gap to gap in myelin layer |
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| microscopic space between two neurons over which messages pass |
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| chemical released by neuron that alters activity of other neurons |
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| brain chemicals, such as endorphins, regulate activity of neurons |
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| interlinked connections of neurons that process info in the brain |
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| Capacity of our brains to change in response to experience |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| Everything outside of brain and spinal cord |
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| layer of cells encasing many axons |
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| Two parts of Peripheral Nervous System |
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| Somatic Nervous system, Autonomic nervous system |
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| links spinal cord with body and sense organs |
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| carries info to and from internals glands and organs |
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| arouses body- aka "fight or flight" |
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| Branch of autonomic nervous system that quiets the body |
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| major nerves that carry sensory and motory messages in and out of the spinal cord |
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| leave brain without passing spinal cord |
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| carries info from senses to central nervous system |
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| production of new brain cells |
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| CT Scan ( computed tomographic |
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| ) computer enhanced xray of brain or body |
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| MRI (Magnetic Reasonance Imaging) |
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| 3d image of brain or body |
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| electrical stimulation of brain) |
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| any device that is used to electrically stimulate or destroy nerve tissue or to record itas activity |
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| removal of tissue from brain by electrode |
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| Detects or amplifies electrical activity in brain |
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| computer generated image based on glucose consumption in brain |
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| Outer layer of brain; responsible for use of language, making tool, acquiring new skills |
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| increase in size and wrinkling of cerebral cortex |
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| thick band of axon fibers that connect cerebral hemispheres |
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| Cutting the corpus callosum to fix epilepsy |
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| Most use for language, math and rythm |
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| Area of cerebral cortex associated with movement, sense of self, and higher mental functions |
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| All areas of cerebral cortex that arent sensory or motor in function |
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| Speech disturbance resulting from brain damage |
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| Language area associated with grammar and association |
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| Very front of frontal lobes; Associated with sense of self, reasoning, and planning |
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| where bodily sensations register |
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| Receiving area for body sensations |
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| Where hearing registers in the brain |
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| Temporal lobe area related to comprehension |
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| Area of cerebral cortex concerned with vision |
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| Part of cortex first to receive input from eyes |
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| Inability to identify seen objects- result of brain injury |
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| Inability to perceive familiar faces |
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| All brain structure below cerebral cortex: Brain stem, midbrain, forebrain |
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| lowest portion of brain- including cerebellum, medulla, pons, reticular formation |
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| Connects brain with spinal cord, controls vital life functions |
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| Acts as bridge between medulla and other structures |
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| Controls posture, muscle tone, and coordination |
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| Network within cerebellum associated w/ attention, alertness, and some reflexes |
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| Relays sensory info to cerebral cortex; damage to it could cause loss of any sense except smell |
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| "master control center" for emotion and basic motives; controls homeostasis |
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| plays a major role in producing emotion and motivated behavior |
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| part of limbic system associated with fear |
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| part of limbic system associated with storing memories |
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| glands whose secretions go directly into the blood stream |
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| endocrine's secretions that affect bodily functions |
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| "master gland" whose hormones influence other endocrine glands; regulates growth (growth hormone) |
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| hormone that plays role in regulating pregnancym parenthood, sexual activity, and even reducing stress |
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| regulates body rythm and sleep cycles |
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| hormone from pineal gland in response to daily cycles of light and dark |
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| adrenal hormone that arouses the body, also associated with fear |
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| Arouses the body, associated with anger |
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| arouse body, regulate salt balance, adjust body to stress, sexual functioning |
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| devices that convert one kind of energy into another |
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| mental process of organizing sensations into meaningful patterns |
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| Maslows Hierarchy of needs |
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Level 1: basic needs
Level 2: Safety and security
Level 3: Love and belonging
Level 4: Esteem and self-esteem |
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| the motor part of the spine |
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| parts of spine in cervical area |
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| parts of spine in thoracic |
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| Sympathetic nervous system works in all emotions except |
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| far sightedness caused by aging |
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| visual receptors for color |
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| visual receptors for dim light that produces black and white |
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| theory of color vision based on three cone types- red, green, blue |
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| based on 3 coding systems- (red or green, yellow or blue, blakc or white) |
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| study of relationship between physical stimulation and sensations they evoke in human behavior |
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| nerve impulses of a corresponding frequency are fed into audiotry nerve |
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| poor transfer of sound from ear drum to inner ear |
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| sensorineural hearing loss |
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| caused by damage to inner ear hair cells |
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| lock and key theory of olfaction |
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| odors are related to shapes of chemical molecules |
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| produced by skin, muscles, joints, organs of balance |
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| senses of body movement and positioning |
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| durameter, arachnoid, Piamater |
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| first place sound waves hit |
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| where reception for hearing is picked up |
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| distinctive bursts of brain activity that indicate a person is asleep- Stage 2 |
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| Brainwaves when your awake |
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| Brainwaves when your falling asleep |
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| Brainwaves in deep sleep (Stages 3 and 4) |
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| people who sleep walk- occurs in non REM |
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| Freudian belief that many dreams express unconscious desires |
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| hidden symbolic meaning of a dream |
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| strength, memory, amnesia, pain relief, age regression, sensory changes |
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| major reduction in the amount or variety of sensory stimulation- can lead to relaxation |
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| REST (Restricted Evironmental stimulation therapy) |
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Definition
| Can loosen belief system and make it easier to change bad habits |
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| inability to feel pressure |
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| drug that lowers anxiety and reduces tension |
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| shortsighted thinking and perception that occurs during intoxication |
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| substance that alters or distorts sensory impressions |
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| GSR (galvanic skin response) |
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| change in electrical resistance of skin due to sweating |
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| records heart rate, blood pressure, and GSR |
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| excess activity in parasympathetic nervous system followed by a period of intense emotion |
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| learned difficulty expressing emotions |
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