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Psychology Test #1
first psycology test
37
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
09/15/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
out of what two disciplines did psychology develop?
Definition
biology esp. physiology and philosophy
Term
what were Rene Descartes 4 major influences on scientific psychology?
Definition

1. skepticism- wanted to put knowledge on a firm basis.

2. humans defined by thinking-only human through thoughts

3. body as a machine- what if human bodies were just machines?

4. the mind body exists and interacts

Term
What is the mind body problem?
Definition
How can they interact? How can a body exist in space, but the mind does not take up physical space so it exists in something that is not physical?
Term
What is Materialism?
Definition

everything is physical 

 

we are our brans

Term
What is Empiricism? 
Definition

Knowledge comes from experience through the senses

 

The more you experience the more complex your mid gets

Term
where and when did psychology begin?
Definition
in 1878 in Germany
Term

What is Physiology?

 

 

Definition
How parts of the body work and function
Term
Wilhelm Wundt: founder of psychology what did he study?
Definition
he studied measuring atoms of the mind
Term
What is Introspection?
Definition
A research method in wich observers examine, record and describe their own internal method process
Term

What is Functionalism?

 

What were it two influences on its development inn the U.S.?

Definition

View in psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function.

 

Its two influences on its development in the U.S. were Darwinism and Americans Practical attitude.

Term
What did Behaviorist's think psychologists should and should not study? why?
Definition

 

 

That they should study behavior not mind

 

Because they think that the mind cannot be studied scientifically.

Term
What machine led to cognitive psychology in the 1960's?
Definition
Computers
Term
How did World War 2 influence the growth of clinical psychology in the 1960's?
Definition
During the war most of the hospital beds were filled with people with mental problems from the war. So the Gov got psychologists to help and in doing so they tested out the program of psychology which was a success.
Term
Definition of psychology?
Definition
the science of behavior and mental process
Term
What is Basic Research?
Definition

Finding out information just to increase the scientific knowledge base.

 

Wants to find something out just to gain more knowledge like what parts of the brain is involved with mathmatics or how many people wear their hats to one side.

Term
What is applied Research? 
Definition

The Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

 

Like how to sell something

or

How to help people with behavioral problems

Term
Nature vs. Nurture
Definition
The debate wether our human traits develope through experience or are we born with them.
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
from among chance variations, nature selects traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
Term
Psychologists three main level's of analysis
Definition

1. Biological influnce

 

2. Psychological influence

 

3. Social influence

Term
Main Focus of Neuroscience
Definition
how brian and science are related to thinking emotions and behavior.
Term
Main focus of evolutionary psychology
Definition
how certain traits allow us to adapt to the environment and pass on our genes.
Term
Main ficus of Cognitive psycology
Definition
How we process and retrieve information
Term
Main focus of Behavioral Genetics
Definition
how differences in genetics and environment influence behavioral influences
Term
Main focus of Social- Cultural
Definition
how behavior carries across culture and how groups influence a person.
Term
Main focus of Behavioral psychology
Definition
how we learn observable responses.
Term
Main focus of psycohodynamic psychology
Definition

the dynamics underlying your mental process 

 

the way you act

why you like or dislike certain things

Term
differences between clinical psychologists, psychiatrists and psycoanalysts?
Definition
Term
What are the most efficient ways to study psychology?
Definition

destribute your time

 

learn to think critically

 

in class listen actively

 

be a smart test taker

Term
What is Hindsight bias?
Definition

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it.

 

people being over confident in what they beleive.

Term
read and understand The Scientific attitude pg. 20
Definition
Term
What are the two goals of science?
Definition

1. measure and describe 

 

 

2. prediction and understanding

Term
What are Variables? What is the operational definition?
Definition

Variables-any measurable conditions, events characteristics or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study

 

Operational Definition- a concept or variable is defined by the methods used to measure it.

Term
What are the five steps in a scientific study?
Definition

1. Formulate Hypothesis

 

2. Prediction and understanding

 

3. Collect Data

 

4. Analyze data and draw conclusion

 

3. Report findings

Term
What is a theory? 
Definition

-not just a guess

-Based on previous observations

-Make predictions to test out the theory

Term
What are theories based on?
Definition
- based on previous observations
Term
how are theories tested?
Definition
Term
What is a hypothesis?
Definition
a testable prediction
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