Term
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Definition
harmful dysfunction in which behavior is judged to be
-atypical: not enough in itself
-disturbing: varies with time and culture
-maladaptive: harmful
-unjustifiable: sometimes there's a good reason |
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Term
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Definition
-medical model
-psychological model
-socio-cultural model
-synthetic model |
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Term
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Definition
-developed in 500 BCE
-by Hippocrates, father of modern medicine
-diseases have physical (biological) causes: diagnosable, treatable, in most cases - curable
-"mental" illness diagnosed by symptoms
-cured through therapy/treatment in a psychiatric hospital |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasizes roles of parental influence, unconscious conflicts, guilt |
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Term
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Definition
| culture affects the stressors we are exposed to |
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Term
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Definition
-interaction between biological, psychological, and socio-cultural influences
-these forces work together in a cycle |
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Term
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Definition
"coming out"
-stigma of mental disorders
health care costs
-well-being
productivity |
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Term
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Definition
| distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety |
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
-uncontrollable worry about domains of functioning
-chronic autonomic nervous system arousal
-66% of women |
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Term
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Definition
- minutes-long episodes of intense dread
-terror, chest pain, chocking or other frightening sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| -phobia: persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation |
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Term
| obsessive compulsive disorder |
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Definition
-unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
-ex: handwashing, checking locks |
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Term
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Definition
| -awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings |
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Term
| dissociative identity disorder |
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Definition
-a rare dissociative disorder
-exhibit 2 or more distinct personalities
-"Multiple Personality" disorder |
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Term
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Definition
-common reports of "losing oneself"
-convincing role-plays
-some people are easily hypnotized |
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Term
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Definition
-defensive mechanism
-handedness
-visual/mental acuity |
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Term
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Definition
-disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring behavior patterns
-impairs social functioning |
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Term
| 3 clusters of personality disorders |
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Definition
-expresses anxiety
-expresses eccentric behaviors
-impulsive behaviors |
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Term
| antisocial personality disorder |
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Definition
-"sociopath" or "psychopath"
-lacks conscience for wrongdoing (even toward family members/friends)
-may be aggressive and ruthless. or a clever con artist.
-usually male; characteristics can emerge at an early age
-feel little and fear little
-criminals show lower arousal in response to adrenaline
-PET scans illustrate reduced activation in a murderer's frontal contex |
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Term
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Definition
| -characterized by emotional extremes |
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Term
| major depressive disorders |
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Definition
for no apparent reason, person experiences 2 or more weeks of
-depressed moods
-feelings or worthlessness
-diminished interest/pleasure in most activities |
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Term
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Definition
-person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy, and the overexcited state of mania
-"manic-depression"
-MRI scan: brain energy consumption rises and falls with emotional switch
-depressed brain has less serotonin and norephinephine |
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Term
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Definition
| -disorder marked by a hyperactive wildly optimistic state |
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Term
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Definition
-altering any one compnent of the chemisty-cognitioin-mood circuit can alter others
-the vicious cycle of depression can be broken at any point |
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Term
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Definition
-literal translation "split mind"
-a group of severe disorders characterized by
-disorganized and delusional thinking
-disturbed perceptions
-inappropriate emotions and actions
-onset timing
-20s to late 30s
-adult onset |
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Term
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Definition
presence of
-delusions: false beliefs (often of persecution or grandeur) that may accompany psychotic disorders
-hallucinations: sensory experiences without sensory stimulation (hearing voices) |
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Term
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Definition
absence of
-affect
-responsiveness
-expression
-posture (rigid body) |
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Term
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Definition
| What percent of people have schizophrenia? |
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Term
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Definition
| __________ twins have twice the chance of having schizophrenia over _______ twins. |
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Term
| order of chances of having schizophrenia |
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Definition
| identical twins, both parents, fraternal twins, one parent, sibling, spouse |
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Term
| 3 different input/ways that you can affect disorder |
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Definition
-cognitive
-behavioral - struggle with conflicts with parents/friends - behavioral intervention to help
-biological |
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Term
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Definition
-emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and client suffering from psychological difficulties
-generic term meaning an interactive discussion between a therapist and a client |
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Term
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Definition
-psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms or therapy
-depends on the client's disorders
-not one single approach with ehlp solve all problems; need to use various approaches |
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Term
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Definition
-patients free associations, resistances & dreams
-help a patient feel comfortable so they can free associate without ambitions what is on their mind
-therapist's interpretations of them
-goal: release repressed feelings to allow client to gain self-insight |
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Term
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Definition
client-centered therapy
-therapist should be as little involved as possible
-therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients' growth
-active listening: empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates and clarifies |
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Term
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Definition
-applies learning principles to shape unwanted behaviors
-counter - conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
-example: nausea->alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| aims to modify behavior by introducing an aversive association |
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Term
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Definition
operant conditioning procedure, rewards desired behavior
-desired behavior=token=privileges or treats |
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Term
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Definition
-teaches people how to think differently
-teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking
-assumes that thoughts intervene between events and emotions
-negative events occur: missed flight-> feel negative emotion |
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Term
| cognitive behavioral therapy |
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Definition
a popular therapy that combines
-cognitive therapy
-behavior therapy |
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Term
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Definition
-3 types of drug therapy - antiphsycotic, anti-anxiety, anti-depressant
-bio-medical interventions are very serious |
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Term
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Definition
| lobotomy - technique of injuring or removing segments of the brain to provide treatment to the severely psychologically ill. no longer in use. |
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