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| the process of acquiring through experience new information or behaviors |
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| learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning) |
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| any event or situation that evokes a response |
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| behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus |
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| behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences |
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| the acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching other, or through language |
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| a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events |
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| the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2) |
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| in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning |
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| in classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response (such as salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (such as food in the mouth) |
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| in classical conditioning, an stimulus that unconditionally - naturally and automatically - triggers an unconditional response |
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| in classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus |
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| in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response |
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| acquisition in classical conditioning |
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| in classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response |
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| acquisition in operant conditioning |
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| the strengthening of a reinforced response |
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| higher-order conditioning |
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| a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neural stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus |
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| the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced |
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| the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response |
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| the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses |
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| The first step of classical conditioning, when an NS becomes a CS, is called... |
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| When a US no longer follows the CS, and the CR becomes weakened, this is called.... |
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| in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus |
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| a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher |
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| Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely |
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| in operant conditioning research, a chamber (also known as a Skinner box) containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; attached devices record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking |
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| in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows |
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| an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior |
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