Term
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Definition
-Early 1900’s, sport was organized by school for elementary age.
-By 1930’s, sport for this age group was being questioned, by 1970’s school sport for this age groups was practically non-existent.
-The above development led to youth sport organizations. Youth sports have grown exponentially. Some organizations are for profit (Little League Baseball)
-Presently, studies show over 20 million children participate in sports sponsored by youth sport organizations. Most start between ages 5 - 7. Girls tend to start sports later. |
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Term
| Problems Caused by Youth Sports |
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Definition
-Organizations run for profit.
-Excessive parental involvement.
-Unrealistic expectations of success.
-Long time commitment, sometimes large financial commitment (child loose part of their childhood) |
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Term
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Definition
-Want to play
-Learn
-Peers - Friendship
-Parents make them
-Reasons why they quit! |
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Term
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Definition
-Have to! Agencies rely on volunteer help.
-Relive athletic fantasy
-Want to mold young lives.
-Other reasons - win championships, possible 2nd career. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Categories of Non-verbal Communication |
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Definition
-Body motion – gestures, hands on hips, etc.
-Physical characteristics – coach wants players to be fit & organized cannot expect them to be if he is not an example of the desired characteristic.
-Touching behavior
-Voice characteristics – pitch and tone (i.e. “You played a good game today.”)
-Body position – two types of space
1. General space – area in which several persons can move.
2. Personal space – area available to a person in a stationary position.
-When a person’s personal space is invaded, it signals confrontation. |
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Term
| Why coaches communicate negatively |
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Definition
-Bad habit
-Unrealistic expectations
-Short term success |
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Term
| Communication involves... |
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Definition
-Receiving as well as Sending messages.
-Both verbal and non-verbal
-Communication is about 70% non-verbal |
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Term
| Consideration of coaches should follow to communicate positively |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between sport psychology and exercise psychology? |
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Definition
-Athlete versus exercise participant
-Sport versus exercise
-The goals of the activity
-Improved health and fitness versus optimal athletic performance |
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Term
| Psychological Benefits of Exercise |
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Definition
-Stress reduction
-Mood effects (Profile of Mood States , POMS). Endorphines
-Self-esteem – research shows that women primarily exercise for body/physique self esteem.
-Types of self –esteem: academic, sport, religious, family, and work
-Anxiety reduction – the difference between stress and anxiety is that stress worries are about immediate, anxiety is worrying about the future.
-Research studies show that aerobic exercise helps meet these benefits more than any other form of exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of a person to maintain participation in a behavioral regimen. |
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Term
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Definition
| usually a couch potato. No social support or approval to exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
| “thinking” about it. “I’ll start in January.” |
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Term
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Definition
| person is intending to start. |
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Term
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Definition
| joining a fitness club, buying exercise shoes & clothes. |
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Term
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Definition
| after 6 months, there is less chance the person will quit the new behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| at this point, the person has 100% confidence they will not participate in the old behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Performance plateau – time period when a subject does not experience improvement after experiencing consistent improvement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Poor motivation, fatigue, lack of attention. |
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Term
| Strategies to help avoid quitting: |
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Definition
1.Proper attire
2.Warm up properly
3.Stretch properly
4.Interval train for aerobic fitness
5.Think minutes, not miles
6.Proper cool down
7.Strength training
8.Stretch last
9.Increase water intake |
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Term
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Definition
| is composed of spirituality and spiritual capacity. |
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Term
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Definition
| moral, ethical, religious attitudes, feelings, and values. |
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Term
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Definition
| serves as the sustenance in the face of adversity and as a powerful source of motivation, focus, determination, and resilience. |
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Term
How did Jesus grow? What is the message there for us?
What does it mean to be created in the image of God? |
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Definition
Jesus grew w/increased wisdom and and in stature and in favor of God. Grow like Jesus did in the faith of Christ.
God made us how he saw fit. |
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Term
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Definition
the ability to perform one’s best in any situation.
Mental toughness revolves around creating and maintaining a flow mind set. |
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Term
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Definition
| frame of mind that stimulates flow by helping performers solidify confidence, eliminate negative thoughts, optimize arousal levels, and manages stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| series of systematic individualized strategies designed to help athlete’s integrate mental skills into practice and competition. |
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Term
| Benefits of Mental Plans: |
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Definition
-Crates a flow mindset
-Enhance performance quality
-Increase consistency
-Deal w/adversity |
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Term
| Things That Aid Mental Plans |
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Definition
-Triggers
-Releases
-Cue words |
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Term
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Definition
| words or actions that remind athletes to concentrate |
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Term
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Definition
| techniques for letting go of negative thoughts and feelings that prevent athletes from concentrating on the present |
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Term
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Definition
| quick, self-talk reminders used to focus attention |
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Term
| Mental Skills- Implementing a program |
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Definition
1. Start with education – cover importance of program, get player’s to buy into it and commit.
2. Continuing education – weekly meeting, same place & same time.
3. Implementing – notebooks are great ideals. |
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Term
| Mental Skills-Helping the Individual Athlete |
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Definition
Needs assessment – self awareness technique that identifies strengths and weaknesses of the individual.
Performance profiling – Type of needs assessment in which athletes or teams identify the characteristics for success and the extent to which they meet the needs.
Mental training logs - Diaries |
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Term
| History of Sport Psychology: Norman Triplett |
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Definition
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Term
| History of Sport Psychology: E.W. Scripture |
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Definition
| “participation in sport can lead to desirable personality traits.” (1899) |
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Term
| History of Sport Psychology: Coleman Griffith |
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Definition
| known as the “father of sport psychology.” |
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Term
| History of Sport Psychology |
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Definition
-In the 1940’s & 50’s most sport related research was motor learning.
-The U.S. performances in the ’68 & ’72 Olympics led to sport psychology research. |
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Term
| History of Sport Psychology: AAASP |
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Definition
| Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology (founded in 1986). |
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Term
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Definition
| Sport psychology is motivating athletes so each participant competes at his or her physical and mental capacity |
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Term
| Factors that affect athletic performance |
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Definition
-Coach
-Environment
-Athlete |
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Term
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Definition
| Beliefs that guide ones actions |
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Term
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Definition
| you must know yourself. (listen to yourself, request feedback from others) |
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Term
| How do you develop a philosophy? |
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Definition
Step 1: Self awareness
Step 2: What are your objectives?
-The 3 Selves
-The ideal self - refers to the person you would like to be. Based on moral principles.
-The public self - the image others have of you.
-The real self - the authentic you.
Step 3: Know your roles |
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Term
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Definition
| Viewing yourself as a competent, worthy person and feeling good about it. |
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Term
| Three Aspects of Time Management |
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Definition
-Calendar
-To-do lists
-Prioritize tasks |
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Term
| Three Ways to Manage Stress |
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Definition
-Manage the environment
-Somatic stress management - somatic refers to the body, what are you physically feeling?
-Cognitive stress management |
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Term
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Definition
FOR ATHLETES:
-Reducing uncertainty
-Reducing importance
FOR THE COACH
-Plan
-Time Management |
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Term
| Somatic Stress Management |
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Definition
-Imagery relaxation
-Progressive relaxation
-Biofeedback
-Other techniques - hypnosis has been used effectively. |
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Term
| Cognitive Stress Management |
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Definition
-Be Positive
-Think realistically and constructively
-Awareness of negative self talk
-Detecting and stopping negative self talk:
-Thought stopping
-Rational thinking Smart talk |
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Term
| How can a coach build confidence in an athlete? |
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Definition
1. Positive expectations of your athletes.
2. Ensure early sport success in the athletes.
3. Offer positive feedback (John 8).
4. Maintain positive pre-competition environment.
5. Teach skills and strategies.
6. Be a proper role model. |
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Term
| Things athletes can do to build confidence in themselves |
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Definition
1. Determine and imitate positive role models.
2. Use cognitive strategies
3.Reflect on previous successes.
4.Interpret anxiety as a sign of enthusiasm, not fear.
5.Be ready
6.Have fun
7.Know your opponent’s strengths and weaknesses (SWAT) |
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Term
| PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SUCCESSFUL ATHLETES |
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Definition
1. Competitiveness (p.268), note competitive demand and competitive engineering.
2. Self Confidence- sport confidence, athlete’s belief in their ability to successfully perform the desired skill, based on history and preparation.
3. Expect success
4.Mental toughness (p.270)
5.Ability to regulate stress
6.Use routines (pre, during, post)
7.Coping strategies (p.268) |
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Term
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Definition
-Routines are important because they save time and help one maintain emotional control.
-Routines make preparation “automatic.”
-The 16 second cure |
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Term
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Definition
C = Control emotions
O = Organize input
P = Plan
E = Execute |
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Term
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Definition
| “people and donkeys are much the same, stubborn and stupid.” |
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Term
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Definition
| The fairy tale stork delivers the “little bundle of joy.” |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| how energized is the person, how much effort is given to reach a goal. |
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Term
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Definition
| goals, understanding ones needs is one of the most important aspect of motivation |
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Term
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Definition
| external reward (behavior modification , B.F. Skinner) |
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Term
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Definition
| often intrinsic rewards are linked to extrinsic motivation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The Needs of an Athlete (3) |
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Definition
-Fun & stimulation
-Affiliation with the group
-Demonstrate competence to feel worthy |
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Term
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Definition
| state of alertness, activation |
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Term
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Definition
| interpersonal conflict involving an incompatibility of goals. Trying to beat the other person causes a greater level of arousal. |
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Term
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Definition
| using social reality to evaluate oneself. Comparing oneself against the beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of others. |
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Term
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Definition
1.Goals should be specific.
2.Goals should be limited in number.
3.Goals should be challenging.
4.Goals should be attainable.
5.Goals should be measurable.
6.Put goals in writing.
7.Goals should be multiple (physical, mental, long term, short term).
8.Goals should be personal (meaningful to the one who set them). |
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Term
| Luke 9:62 - “No man having put his hand to the plow and looking back is fit for the kingdom of heaven.” |
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Definition
| Must be fully committed to the goal. Have no 2nd guesses. Must put your whole heart into it. |
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Term
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Definition
| human response to anything that upsets an individual’s homeostasis. |
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Term
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Definition
| steady state that an individual seeks. Humans resist change. |
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Term
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Definition
-Fight or flight
-Resistance - body tries to return to normalcy.
-Exhaustion - diseases of adaptation occur in this stage |
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Term
| How did Jesus handle stress? |
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Definition
-Let his feelings be known
-Anger is not wrong, but what derives from anger is
-Withdrew to a quiet place and rested
-Prayed |
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Term
| Coaches Role in Handling Stress |
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Definition
-Teach athletes to perform at their “best level” at all times. Avoid peaks and valleys.
-Avoid “must win” speeches (John Steinbeck: The Sun Also Rises
-Preparation and organization alleviates stress |
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Term
| Meeting Agenda for meeting w/ the parents |
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Definition
*Introductions – coaches, league (school) officials
*Understanding the sport
*Dangers and risk of injury
*Equipment needs
*Coaching philosophy
*Emergency procedures
*Child’s responsibilities as an athlete
Parent’s responsibilities :
1.What does your child want from the sport?
2.Have realistic expectations about the level of time and effort that goes into a quality sport performance.
3.Help the child understand winning and losing.
4.Do not interfere with the coach during a contest. Do not talk negative about the coach in front of the child. If you need to talk to the coach, do so in private.
5.Conduct themselves in a mature, supportive manner. |
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Term
| The Parent Orientation Meeting |
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Definition
- Is the best way to clear the air
-Meeting should be at a convenient time and location.
-Children should not be prohibited from coming, (1) meeting should not be adult content, (2) if a parent has to pay for child care, they may not come
-Offer refreshments – studies show that food and nonalcoholic beverages enhance mood and promote effective communication
-Coach and league officials must present a good impression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Talks a good game, when it comes time to perform, they do not perform as well as they talk. |
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Term
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Definition
| always faking injury. When they really are hurt, people do not want to believe them. |
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Term
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Definition
| (head case), never performs well in the contest. Often a problem of individual sports. |
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Term
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Definition
| fades in tight situations (Jana Novatana - women’s tennis play had a famous collapse against Steffi Graff in the 1993 Wimbledon final. Greg Maddux did not have success as a post season pitcher. Every athlete has choked, those that say they have not are lying. |
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Term
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Definition
| put them in a “put up or shut up situation.” |
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Term
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Definition
| put them in a situation where they have to prove their injury. |
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Term
| How to handle: Practice player |
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Definition
| Coach needs to treat practice as important as the competitive contest |
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Term
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Definition
| pray they win a tight contest. Athletic diaries have been proven to be beneficial. This helps athlete and coach identify faulty thought process. |
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Term
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Definition
| wants athletes to like him. Often will let athletes have their way to try to win them over. |
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Term
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Definition
| authoritarian, “my way or the high way.” |
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Term
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Definition
| tries to let players & assistants have input, this is desired type to be. Problems arise when there is not clear majority on a situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| every phase of program is meticulous. This coach sometimes looses sight of athletic goals because of organization. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intentionally inflicting pain or harm on an individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to achieve a goal (pitching inside to get a batter off the top of the plate). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| considered part of the game (blocking in football, checking in hockey). |
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Term
| What are the possible roles of a coach? |
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Definition
1. Leader
2. Follower
3. Teacher
4. Role model
5. Limit Setter
6. Psychologist or counselor
7. Friend and mentor
8. Parent substitute
9. Family member |
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Term
| Types of leaders: Laissez - Faire |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of leaders: Authoritarian |
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Definition
| "It's my way or the high way" |
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Term
| Types of leaders: Democratic |
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Definition
| Laid back "do your own thing" |
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Term
| Types of leaders: Eclectic |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Obsessive – compulsive behavior, manifest itself through self imposed demands.
Indulges in work at the work site or at home.
Does so at the expense of family or other recreational pursuits.
Obsessive – uncontrollable, performing rituals, often senseless.
Compulsive – irrational, repetitive, forced behavior |
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Term
| Mental strategies to combat workaholics |
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Definition
-Define your competencies beyond work related achievements.
-Frustrations and emotions may be based on flawed thinking.
-Give yourself “pep talks.”
-Take time – off!
-Please yourself instead of pleasing others.
-Learn to accept your human limitations.
-Recognize that less is often more.
-WORK SMARTER, NOT LONGER! |
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Term
| The 5 P’s of Human Performance |
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Definition
-Proper
-Preparation
-Prevents
-Poor
-Preformance |
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Term
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Definition
| forming a picture in one’s mind of some form of physical execution of a task. Forming a picture in the mind’s eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| consciously practicing a skill in one’s mind |
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Term
| Steps to Developing Imagery & Mental Practice Skills |
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Definition
1. Set goals – keep your hand to the plow, don’t look back, remember Lot’s wife.
2. Verbal cues – use key words you identify with to remind you of your goal.
Focus on the positive :
4. John 8:1-11, Philippians 4:8
5. Build in practice time – mental skills improve the same as physical skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| process that directs our awareness as information becomes available |
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Term
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Definition
| aware of what senses are experiences. This is a cognitive process. Perception is based off of experience. Things are not always what they seem. |
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Term
| What influences a person's attention? |
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Definition
-Interest
-Mindset
-Positive or Negative
-Mindset can be helped by anticipation, scouting opponents, pitching charts, play charts in football |
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Term
| Cocktail Party Phenomenon |
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Definition
| we will process something meaningful and familiar to us |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing attention, a fixation of attention to certain stimuli, sustaining attention of selected stimuli |
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Term
| One improves concentration by |
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Definition
-practicing
-routines
-word triggers
-coaches communicating techniques
-coaches need to apply "dead man's test" to their delivery of communication |
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Term
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Definition
Psychic energy is the vigor, the vitality, and
intensity with which the mind functions.
It is the bedrock of motivation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ecstatic feeling one gets when everything is going just right. |
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Term
| How to get athletes in flow |
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Definition
-Athletes perceives competition matches their ability level.
-Athlete focuses on the present.
-Athlete develops routines & rituals.
-Athlete stays relaxed physically and alert mentally.
-Flow happens naturally. Athletes cannot make it happen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Athletes evaluation of the capability required to attain important goals in challenging situations |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing the situation in order to reduce competition stress by lowering uncertainty and decreasing excessive importance |
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