The general tendency has been to emphasize the war on drugs, but to exlude what?

alcohol

What is the estimated millions of alcoholics?

12 million

What is the estimated millions of children of alcoholics?

28 million

What percent of drugs/alcohol contribute to child abuse cases?

90%

What is the percent of functional families?

20%

What is the percent of dysfunctional families?

30%

What is the percent of extreamly dysfunctional families?

50%

Alcohol is involved in what percent of intimate partner violence?

25 - 50%

The highest fatality rates of alcohol involvement come from?

The youngest drivers

What is the most difficult drug to overcome?

nicotine

What is the probability of addiction when one parent is an addict?

4 times higher

What is the probability of addiction when two parents are an addict?

8 times higher

Why is taking drugs/alcohol use considered a passive activity?

Because you take it and wait for the effects

What is the first part of the American Medical Association disease concept of alcoholism?

A known etiology (cause)

What is the second part of the American Medical Association disease concept of alcoholism?

a known progression of systems overtime

What is the third part of the American Medical Association disease concept of alcoholism?

A known outcome

What are the three known outcomes of the Disease concept of alcoholism?

dependence

Physical symptoms

Death

What are Cloninger's three types of temperments conductive with alcohol abuse?

1. Harm avoidance

2. Reward dependent

3. Novely seeking

What are the traits of the harm avoidance temperment?

Cautions, apprehensive, inhibited and fatigue

What are the traits of the reward dependent temperment?

amitious, sympathetic, warm, industrious, sentimental, persistent, and moody

What are the traits of the novely seeking temperment?

impulsive, excitable, exploratory, quick-tempered, fickle, and extravagant

what are the two basic assumptions of the tension reduction model?

1. Alcohol reduces tension

2. people drink to reduce that tension

Seligman said that pessimistic people see event as being what?

permanent, pervasive, and personalized

Seligman said that optimistic people see event as being what?

temporary and confined to certain situation

will see things as external (not personal)

What is the key element of the psychosocial model?

that drug/alcohol use is social learning

Drug of choice oftin signals what?

power or gives a feeling of power to the user

What happens when the user tries to duplicate the feeling  or experience of their initial use?

The cycle of addiction will begin

Drug/alcohol actually do what to sexual performance, especially with prolonged use?

impair it

Effective interpersonal relationships are difficult for the addict acourding to what model?

psychoanalytic

According to the psychoanalytic modle addicts have trouble in?

managing feeling and impulse control

Attitudes of cultures and ethnic customs can facilitate using accourding to what modle?

Sociocultural

psychological dependence

can't stop taking the drug without experiencing withdrawal symptoms

Psychological dependence

feeling like they need the drug (mentally)

Withdrawal

physical reactions that occur when the drug is stopped

Behavioral definition of addiction, what are the three C's?

1. compulsion and obsession

2. Loss of control

3. Continue to use despite adverse consequences

What are Nonpsychoactive drugs?

vitamins, antibiotics, and topical skin ointment

What are psychoactive drugs?

Those that affect brain fuctions, moods, and behviors

How does alcohol act on the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

as a depressant

What is the best way to get sober?

only time is the best way.

How much time after the last drink in stage 1 withdrawal?

6 - 12 hours

In stage 1 withdrawal how long do symptoms last?

3 to 5 days

In stage 2 withdrawal when do symptoms usually present?

24  hours but may occur 3 days later

What is an ominous sign in stage 2 withdrawals?

hallucinations that involve smell

What is a predominate symptom in stage 2 withdrawal?

visual hallucinations

Hallucinations that involve smell can also be accompanied by?

Seizures