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international study, people generally approve of women working full time if no kids/or kids gone
-only half of people believe they should work full time if they have preschool kids
45%American
55%Canadian
OTHER RESEARCH-most college women want career and children and want to discontinue career for kids. |
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only so much energy to go around-the more divided the roles, the more negative side effects
-women more likely to bun out on non-work stress
-conflicts of family/work are higher in men |
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| two many roles-not enough energy |
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| 2 roles collide and you can't do both |
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energy is not limited, roles enhance self-esteem and enhance status, the more roles the better.
-women who have roles (mother.wife.worker) are happier then those with only two.
-type of work not challenging/stressful then not creating enhancement
-quality/meaning of roles. |
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Term
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Definition
looking at duel couples into 3 diff categories
-Traditional/conventional:all the housework/childcare
-Modern/Participant: all household, but shared parenting
-Egalitarian?Role-sharing:split household, childcare 50-50 split |
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30 hours per week vs 7 hours a week for effeminate
Newer data: Men not doing more, but womne doing less |
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| 1970's large scale daycare, focus on how damaging it is for children |
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1980's-Individual differences-what type of daycare fits each child
1990's-Looks at broad impact (no risk for developmental problems)
Quality is important-outside, staff to kid ratio, training, stimulation, space
Developmental boost-better social skills, leadership skills |
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| both partners strongly invested in work and consider job to be important to personal identity |
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| both partners are employed but have less personal investment in their jobs then career-oriented couples |
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| women pass up jobs, decrease work hours, pass up promotions, lots of money |
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| Explanations of division of power |
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Definition
Time constraint-plays some role, but cannot alone explain division of domestic responsibilities
Relative Power-marital pwer influenced by more then occupational resources, men's participation does not increase when lower resources, as they maintain other forms of power.
-Gender attitude:personal beliefs, research is consistent with this theory |
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55% of mothers with 1 or under year children are employed
Reasons for shorter time-
can't afford loss of income
higher educated
non-traditional attitudes
women who believe employers supportive of family needs |
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Term
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Definition
examined length of maternity leave and mental health
not related unless other stressors like martial problems or unrewarding job, then shorter leave more depressed, effects dissapper after 1 year |
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| the stress stemming from one's roles |
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able to distance self from one role, while concentrating on another
challenges in role, puts into perspective challenges of other roles
protects esteem, not doing well in one thing, may be doing well in others |
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| Solutions to family-work balancing |
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Definition
flextime-flexible work scheduling that allows employee to choose arrival and departure time within set possible options
-paid family leave
-telecommuting
-employer help with child care
-school programs
-elder care benefits
SUPPORT FROM OTHER PEOPLE |
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| examined regrets experienced by women who graduated in 60's concerned centered on not pursuing more prestigious career, marrying before career, not returning to work after children. |
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