Term
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Definition
one's self definition as female or male develop at 2-3 years
usually consistent with anatomy |
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Term
| Transgendered Individuals |
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Definition
| gender identity inconsistent with anatomy |
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Term
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Definition
| preference for same or other gendered sexual partner |
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Term
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Definition
| acquiring different traits that are associated with gender |
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Term
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Definition
Sex-linked traits-traits that are typically recessive, carried on sex chromosomes ex:colorblindness
Sex-limited traits-not on sex chromosomes, needs certain level of hormones ex:male pattern baldness |
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Term
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Definition
organizing effects-structural change directed by sex chromosomes
activating effects-maturity of structure-see during different points during childhood |
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Term
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Definition
| Testosterone,estrogen,progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
| Female nervous systems more sensative to low levels of stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| if testosterone is not present then cells that develop are sensitive to circulating estrogen |
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Term
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia |
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Definition
female fetus adrenal glands produce high levels of androgen at 13 weeks
external genitalia looks male-treated at birth |
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Term
| Elevated Prenatal Progesterone |
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Definition
| males born with this-less masculine choices, less athletic coordination, less agressive |
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Term
| Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome |
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Definition
| Genetic male who is completly insensitive to androgen, no internal reproductive organs. When born have female appearing genitalia. |
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Term
| 5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency |
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Definition
Genetic male born with female appearing genitalia but do have internal male
At Puberty-grow Penis |
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Term
| Components of Gender Identity-Hypothesis |
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Definition
Chromosomal Gender
Gonadal gender (ovaries/testes)
Hormonal Gender
Internal accessory organs
External genital appearance
assigned gender |
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Term
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Definition
focus on genetic bases for diff between genders
ex:promiscuity-men need larger number of sex partners to spread genes, women are picky
most difficult theory to prove. |
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Term
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Definition
| Freud-unconscious mind of childhood governs adult behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| 3-7 gender develops attraction toward opposite gender parent ends identifying with same gender parnet |
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Term
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Definition
| boy wants mom, worries that dad will castrate him, identifies with dad |
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Term
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Definition
penis envy blames mom for inferior state identify with mom
believes women start with inferiority complex-contempt for other women, tendency toward jealousy |
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Term
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Definition
a lot of room for social impact
Horney-men have inferiority towards women because can give birth. Boys have to switch allegences form mom to dad
Chodrew-gender identity harder for boys-negative process. Men more highly prized-societal enforced inferiority
both parents should be involved in child's life to be strong gender identity in both sexes. |
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Term
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Definition
learn from models-learn diff social spheres-shammed if you dont fit.
does not explain cross-gender modeling
bouys care more about peers girls more about parents/teachers |
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Term
| Cognitive development theory |
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Definition
sense of gender follows same cognitive process as everything else.
Gender consistency-gender doesn't change (4-7) |
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Term
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Definition
Sandra Brown-combines social learning and cognitive development
develop gender schema-child matches self against schema-changes behavior |
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Term
| Social Interaction Theory |
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Definition
encompasses biological, psychological and social influences
reactions to behavior creates behavior patterns-kids know who to go for for what problems |
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Term
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Definition
| tend to be more sociological, gender hierarchy related to power, women have less power-problems are cultural based |
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Term
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Definition
high scores on both male and female traits
women are more encouraged to be self-sufficient
does not take into account cultural positivism toward masculine traits
does not change society to have people with both traits. |
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Term
| traditional gender attitude |
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Definition
| the belief that males should engage in agency behaviors and females should engage in communion behaviors |
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Term
| nontraditional or egalitarian gender attitude |
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Definition
| belief that roles should not be gender-specific |
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Term
| Individual diff in Gender-related attitudes |
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Definition
| Gender, ethnicity,religion, social class, academic achievement, age, political ideology |
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Term
| Perceived value of female/male attributes |
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Definition
| college students associated more advantages with being male. |
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Term
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Definition
| because male gender role is more highly valued then female, a man is seen as lowering his social status by engaging in female-stereotypic behaviors but the other way around, women are precieved as raising their status |
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Term
| sexual orientation hypothesis |
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Definition
| cross-gender behavior in boys but not in girls is considered a sign of same-sex orientation |
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