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psychology of human sexuality
test 4
114
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
12/18/2011

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Term
Sexual Assault:
Definition
illegal sexual contact that usually involves force upon a person without consent or is inflicted upon a person who is incapable of giving consent (as because of age or physical or mental incapacity) or who places the assailant (as a family friend) in a position of trust or authority
Term
Rape
Definition
Sexual intercourse that occurs without consent as a result of actual or threatened force
Term
Statutory rape:
Definition
Intercourse with a person under the age of consent.
Term
2. Disuses some reasons why rape survivors are reluctant to report being raped.
Definition
Self blame, fear of being blamed by others, concern for the rapist, fear of retaliation, attempt to block their recall of traumatic experience.
Term
3. Are most rapes committed by someone the victim knows or does not know?
Definition
By someone the victim knows
Term
4. Be familiar with the false beliefs about rape discussed in the text.
Definition
Women can’t be raped if they really don’t want to be:
-men are usually larger and stronger than women. Femal gender role conditioning often trains a women to be compliant and submissive. Rapists usually choose the time and place, and have the element of surprise.

Women say no when they mean yes:
Some have distorted perceptions of their interacting with the women they rape before during and even after the assault. They believe that women want to be coerced into sexual activity even to the extent of being sexually abused.

Many women ‘cry rape’
False accusations of rape are quite uncommon, and they are even less frequently carried as far as prosecution. Given the difficulties that exist in reporting and prosecuting a rape, few women could successfully proceed with than unfounded rape case.

All women want to be raped
That some women have rape fantasies is sometimes used to support the idea that women want to be seually assaulted.

Rapists are obviously mentally ill.
The mistaken idea that a potential rapist somehow looks the part is also prevalent. This rape myth is particulary dangerous because potential victims may feel that they can identify a rapist or that they are safe with someone they know.

The male sex drive is so high that men often cannot control their sexual urges
The problem with this myth is that it shifts the responsibility from the perpetrator to the victim. Women are seen as either the precipitator of the rape or as having been careless or naïve.
Term
5. Peggy Reeves Sanday (1981) conducted research on “rape-prone” societies. Be familiar with characteristics of “rape-prone” societies and “rape-free” societies.
Definition
Rape prone:
Tolerate and even glorify masculine violence, encouraging boys to be aggressive and competitive, and they view physical force as natural and exemplary.
Rape Free:
Women and men share power and authority and contribute equally to the community welfare. Children are raised to value nurturance and to avoid aggression and violence.
Term
6. Which country has the highest incidence of rape among all Western nations?
Definition
United States
Term
7. Be familiar with the characteristics of rapists.
Definition
Strong proclivity toward violence, one that is often reflected in their acts of rape. Men who embrace traditional gender roles, particularly that of male dominance, are more likely to commit rape than men who do not embrace traditional gender stereotypes. Anger toward women is a prominent attitude among some men who sexually assault women. Alcohol can also contribute to rapist’s behavior. Self-centered personalities, with may render them insensitive to others feelings.
Term
8. Be familiar with ways to reduce the risk of acquaintance rape
Definition
Watch for indications that your date may be a dominating person who may try to control your behavior. If the man drives and pays for all expenses, he may think he is justified in using force to get what he paid for. Avoid using alcohol or other drugs when you definitely do not wish to be sexually intimate with your date. Avoid behavior that may be interpreted as teasing. Clearly state what you do and do not wish to do in regard to sexual contact.
Term
8. Be familiar with ways to reduce the risk of 8. stranger rape
Definition
Do not advertise that you are a woman living alone. Install and use secure locks on doors and windows, changing door locks after losing keys or moving into a new residence. Do not open your door to strangers. When you are in situations in which strangers may be encountered, demonstrate self confidence through your body language and speech to communicate that you will not be intimidated. Take a cell phone with you when you are out alone. Lock your car when it is parked and while you are driving. Avoid dark and desolate areas and be aware of your surroundings when you are walking. Have a house or car keys in hand before getting to the door, check backseat before getting into your car. Should your car break down, attach a white cloth to the antenna and lock yourself in. if someone other than a uniformed officer in an official car stops to offer help, ask this person to call the police or a garage but do not open your locked car door, never hitchhike or provide rides to hitchhikers or get into a car with a stranger, wherever you go it can be helpful to carry a device for making a lout noise, such as a whistle or , even better a pint sized compressed air horn.
Term
9. Review the sections in the book entitled “what to do in threatening situations involving strangers” and What to do if you have been raped”
Definition
Run away if you can, resist if you cannot run, ordinary rules of behavior do not apply. Talking can be a way to stall and can give you a chance to devise an escape plan or another strategy, remain alert for an opportunity to escape.
Term
10. Discuss some things that you could do for a friend or partner if she has been raped?
Definition
Listen, let her know you believe her account of what happened, let her know that it was not her fault and that she is not to blame, control your own emotions, give comfort, allow the victim to make decisions, offer shelter, continue to provide support, be patient about resuming sexual activity, consider counseling.
Term
11. What is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Definition
A psychological disorder caused by exposure to overwhelmingly painful events.
Term
Pedophilia/child molsestation:
Definition
Sexual contact between an adult and a child who are not related.
Term
Incest
Definition
Sexual contact between two people who are related (one often being a child) , other than husband and wife.
Term
13. Discuss some characteristics of pedophiles
Definition
Poor interpersonal and sexual relations with other adults, and may feel socially inadequate and inferior. They are shy, lonely, poorly informed about sexuality, and moralistic or religious.
Term
13. Discuss some characteristics of incest perpetrators
Definition
Primarily males who cannot be easily identified or categorized by a classic profile. They do tend to share some of the traits of many pedophiles. Tend to be economically disadvantaged, heavy drinking, unemployed, devoutly religious, and emotionally immature. Have distorted ideas about adult child sex
Term
14. Incest is most common between which family relatives?
Definition
Brother sister and first cousin contacts are more common.
Term
15. Discuss tactics a father might use who is attempting to pressure his daughter into an incestuous relationship with him
Definition
Start as a playful activities involving wrestling, tickling, kissing, and touching. Over time the activities may expand to include touching of the breasts and genitals, perhaps followed by oral or manual stimulation and intercourse. Most cases the father relies on his position of authority or emotional closeness rather than physical force to fulfill his desires.
Term
16. The psychological effects of child sexual abuse depend upon what factors?
Definition
The longer the molestation goes on, the worse the prognosis is for recovery from the trauma of the abuse.
Term
17. What are some effects of childhood sexual abuse?
Definition
Many victims of child sexual abuse have difficulty forming intimate adult relationships. When relationships are established, they often lack emotional and sexual fulfillment. For both sexes a strong link exists between sexual abuse and sexual difficulties in adulthood. Other common symptoms of sexual abuse survivors include low self-esteem, guilt, shame, depressions, alienation, a lack of trust in others, revulsion at being touched, drug and alcohol abuse, obesity, elevated suicide rates, a predisposition to being repeatedly victimized in a variety of ways, and long term medical problems, such as chronic pelvic pain and gastrointestinal disorders.
Term
18. Discuss ways to prevent child sexual abuse.
Definition
Present prevention-oriented material to young children because as many as 25: of child sexual abuse victims are younger than age 7. Educators and parents will be more effective if they keep things simple. Avoid making a discussion of child sexual abuse unduly frightening. Take time to carefully explain the differences between okay touches and not okay touches that make a child feel uncomfortable or confused. Encourage children to believe that they have rights, the right to control their bodies and the right to say no when they are being touched in a way that makes them uncomfortable.
Term
1 What is the commonality among the sexual and gender identity disorders (Sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and GID).
Definition
Sexual behaviors or beliefs that are distressing to the individual or to people around him/her
Term
2 What are the four categories of sexual dysfunctions?
Definition
Sexual desire disorders
Sexual arousal disorders
Orgasmic disorders
Sexual pain disorders
Term
Sexual desire disorders
Sexual arousal disorders
Orgasmic disorders
Sexual pain disorders
Definition
Desire-phase difficulties
Inhibited sexual desire, dissatisfaction with frequency of sexual activity and sexual aversion.

Orgasm-Phase difficulties
Affect orgasmic response, and both men and women report a variety of such difficulties. Some include total absence or infrequency of orgasm. Others involve reaching orgasm too rapidly or too slowly.

Dyspareunia
Pain or discomfort during intercourse.
Term
3. What is the most common reason people seek sex therapy
Definition
hypoactive sexual desire
Term
4. Discuss some physiological causes of sexual dysfunctions.
Definition
Chronic illness
Diabetes
High blood pressure
Heart problems
Cancer/chemotherapy
Prescription drugs
Antidepressants
Anti anxiety
HBP meds
Recreational drug use
Nicotine
Alcohol
Untreated Gynecological or Urological Conditions
Obesity
Men who are obese are 90% more likely to develop erectile dysfunction. Body fat surrounding the abdomen reduces testosterone (and sex drive)
Good health = good sex
Term
5. Discuss some psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunctions.
Definition
Psychological disorders
Attitudes
Performance anxiety—spectatoring
Relationship problems
Self-concept/Body Image
Trauma
Narrow definition of sexuality
Lack of sexual knowledge
Term
6. Define the three categories of sexual arousal disorder
Definition
Female sexual arousal disorder
Persistent inability to attain or maintain the lubrication swelling response.
Persistent Sexual Arousal Disorder
Spontaneous, intrusive, and unwanted genital arousal.
Male erectile disorder
Consistent or recurring lack of an erection sufficiently rigid for penetrative sex, for a period of at least 3 months.
Term
7. Define the three categories of orgasmic disorder.
Definition
Female Orgasmic Disorder
The absence, marked delay, or diminished intensity of orgasm.

Male Orgasmic Disorder
The inability of a man to ejaculate during sexual stimulation from his partner.

Premature Ejaculation
A pattern of ejaculations within minutes and an inability to delay ejaculation, resulting in a man’s impairing his or his partner’s pleasure.
Term
8. Which sexual problem is cigarette smoking most associated with.
Definition
Adversely affects small blood vessels in the penis and decreases the frequency and duration of erections.
Term
9. Which of the following diseases would be most likely to directly impair erectile functioning: heart disease/heart attacks, diabetes, cerebrovascular accidents (i.e. strokes), or arthritis.
Definition
Diabetes
Term
10. Define the two types of sexual pain disorders
Definition
Dyspareunia:
Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse

Vaginismus:
Involuntary spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the outer third of the vagina.
Term
11. Describe the sensate focus technique and the three steps outlined in class.
Definition
Step One: nonsexual massage
Step Two: then genital/breast exploration w/o purpose of sexual arousal
Step Three: allow intercourse to happen
breaks sexual routine,
Allows couples to explore erogenous zones they may have either forgotten about or never learned,
Decreases spectatoring
Term
12. Be familiar with the section in the text that discusses specific suggestions for women to help them become orgasmic.
Definition
Body exploration, genital self-exam, and kegel exercises are emphasized; then therapy and home exercises move progressively to self-stimulation exercises. Once a woman has learned to experience orgasm by herself, sharing her discoveries with her partner can help her partner know what forms of stimulation are most pleasing to her.
Term
13. What is the EROS device?
Definition
Battery operated device that creates suction to increase blood flow to the clitoris.
Term
14. Does Viagra for women work as well as Viagra for men
Definition
no
Term
15. Discuss treatment strategies for vaginismus
Definition
Starts with relaxation and self-awareness exercises, including a soothing bath, general body exploration, and manual external genital pleasuring. Then the woman learns to insert fit a fingertip, then a finger, eventually three fingers into her vagina without experiencing muscle contractions. At each stage the woman practices relaxing and contracting the vagina, l muscles, as with kegel exercises. After the woman has completed these steps the partner must follow the same steps until the slow insertion of the penis.
Term
16. What type of medication might be used to treat premature ejaculation in men?
Definition
Antidepressants
Term
17. Be familiar with the section of the text that describes strategies for delaying ejaculation in males.
Definition
Ejaculate more frequently
Come again
Change positions
Talk with each other
Consider alternatives.
Term
18. Describe the stop start technique.
Definition
A treatment technique for premature ejaculation, consisting of stimulating the penis to the point of impending orgasm and then stopping until the pre ejaculatory sensations subside
Term
19. Discuss how a sex therapist would help a man deal with erectile dysfunction
Definition
Concentrating on reducing or eliminating anxiey.
Term
20. How do drugs like Viagra work
Definition
Viagra works by blocking an enzyme found mainly in the penis that breaks down chemicals produced during sexual stimulation that normally produce erections. Viagra allows these chemicals of arousal to survive longer and improves erectile function. That is also why sexual stimulation is necessary for Viagra to work.
Term
21. What are some potential side effects
Definition
It causes flushing headaches and nasal congestion. Causes priapism in which an erection does not subside and can result in permanent damage to penile tissue unless medical treatment is obtained.
Term
22. Is Viagra always successful
Definition
In general, Viagra works successfully in about 65-70% of all impotent men.
Term
23. What hormone supplements would most likely be used to treat sexual dysfunction?
Definition
Transdermal testosterone gel (for men too)
Estrogen therapy
Term
24. Briefly describe what happens in typical sex therapy.
Definition
First appointment, the therapist will help the client clarify the problem and his or her feelings about it and to identify the clients goals for the therapy. Gather more extensive sexual, personal, and relationship histories. Once the therapist helps the couple realize the full extent of their goals, they help them understand and overcome obstacles to meeting the goals as the sessions continue. Once the initial goal is met the therapist is terminated.
Term
25. What is spectatoring?
Definition
a process suggested by Masters and Johnson (1970) that involves a person focusing on him/herself "from a third person perspective during sexual activity, rather than focusing on one's sensations and/or sexual partner, can increase performance fears and cause deleterious effects on sexual performance."
Term
26. Be familiar with the goals of sex therapy discussed in class.
Definition
Mutual responsibility
Address relationship issues/communication
Address sexual assault history
Eliminate performance anxiety
Increase comfort with body/sexuality
Cognitive Restructuring
Address Sexuality Myths
Expand Sexual Repertoire (sex aids?)
Term
1. Define the term gender identity
Definition
One’s internal sense of being a man or woman.
Term
2. Define the term transgenderist
Definition
people whose appearance and behavior do not conform to traditional gender roles.
Term
3. Differentiate between a transgenderist and a transsexual
Definition
Transgenderists: people whose appearance and behavior do not conform to traditional gender roles.
Transsexual (wants to undergo a sex change)
Term
4. Are transsexuals more likely to be biological males or biological females?
Definition
80% = biological male
Term
5. How would the majority of preoperative transsexuals describe their sexual orientation(homosexual bisexual or gay)
Definition
Most transsexuals are heterosexual.
Term
6. When do most transsexuals first begin identifying with the other sex (childhood, adolescence, early adulthood)
Definition
Childhood
Term
7. Are most transsexuals “biologically normal”?
Definition
yes
Term
8. Do they have any chromosomal abnormalities?
Definition
(pg 62-64?)?
Term
9. Do transsexuals have a history of psychopathology?
Definition
(pg 62-64?)?
Term
10. To researcher have a clear understanding on what causes transsexualism?
Definition
No
Term
11. Describe sex-reassignment procedures.
Definition
Extensive screening interviews, change in lifestyle, hormone therapy, live one year as the opposite sex, surgury
Term
12. What do post-operative studies of sex reassignment reveal in terms of psychological adjustment?
Definition
They provide a basis for optimism about the success of sex-reassignment procedures. The single most consistent finding of these investigations is that most people who have undergone these procedures experience significant improvement in their overall adjustment to life.
Term
1. What is a paraphilia?
Definition
A term used to describe uncommon types of sexual expression.
Term
2. How is a paraphilia different from atypical sexual behavior?
Definition
Atpical sexual behavior:
behaviors not typically expressed by most people in our society.
Term
paraphilias
Definition
A term used to describe uncommon types of sexual expression.
Term
fetishism
Definition
a sexual behavior in which a person obtains sexual excitement primarily or exclusively from an inanimate object or a particular part of the body.
Term
transvestic fetishism:
Definition
A sexual behavior in which a person derives exual arousal from wearing clothing of the other sex
Term
Sadism
Definition
The act of obtaining sexual arousal through giving physical or psychological pain.
Term
masochism
Definition
the act of obtaining sexual arousal through receiving physical or psychological pain.
Term
voyeurism
Definition
the act of obtaining sexual gratification by observing undressed or sexually interacting people without their consent.
Term
exhibitionism
Definition
The act of exposing one’s genitals to an unwilling observer.
Term
frotteruism
Definition
A fairly common paraphilia in which a person obtains sexual pleasure by pressing or rubbing against another person in a crowded public place.
Term
autoerotic asphyxiation:
Definition
The enhancement of sexual excitement and orgasm by pressure-induced oxygen deprivation.
Term
klismaphilia
Definition
An unusual variant of ssexual expression in which an individual obtains sexual pleasure form receiving enemas.
Term
coprophilia
Definition
a sexual paraphilia in which a prson obtains sexual arousal from contact with feces.
Term
urophilia
Definition
A sexual paraphilia in which a person obtains sexual arousal from contact with urine.
Term
zoophilia:
Definition
A paraphilia in which a person has sexual contact with animals.
Term
necrophilia
Definition
a rare sexual paraphilia in which a person obtains sexual gratification by viewing or having intercourse with a corpse.
Term
4. Do paraphilias tend to occur alone or in clusters?
Definition
Clusters
Term
5. Are paraphilias more common in men or women.
Definition
Men
Term
6. Differentiate between a coercive and noncoercive paraphilia.
Definition
A key distinguishing characteristic of paraphilias is whether they involve an element of coercion. Several of the paraphilias are strictly solo activities or involve the particiapion of consensual adults who agree to engage in, observe, or just put up with the particular variant behavior. Because coercion is not involved and a persons basic rights are not violated, such so called noncoercive atypical behaviors are considered relatively benign or harmless by many.
Term
7. Which paraphilias are considered coercive?
Definition
Exhibitionism, Voyeurism, Frotteurism, Zoophilia, Necrophilia
Term
8. Which are considered noncoercives
Definition
Fetishism, Transvestic fetishism, Sexual sadism, Sexual masochism, Bondage, Autoerotic asphyxia, Klismaphilia, coprophilia, and urophila.
Term
9. Which offense is most frequently associated with fetishism
Definition
Burglary
Term
10. Explain how fetishism may develop
Definition
One way is through incorporating the object or body part, often through fantasy, in a masturbation sequence in which the reinforcement of orgasm strengthens the fetishistic association. Or some children learn to associate sexual arousal with objects that belong to an emotionally significant person such as their mothers or older sisters.
Term
11. Does transvestism primarily occur among married men or unmarried men?
Definition
Married men; predominately heterosexual.
Term
12. Do people typically engage in both sadistic and masochistic behavior?
Definition
Not tpycially
Term
13. Are SM activates typically physically dangerous? Why or why not?
Definition
No, because most participants generally stay within mutually agreed on limits. Pain inflicted is often more symbolic than real. “Beaten with a feather”
Term
14. Which are more common, masochistic tendencies or sadistic tendencies?
Definition
Masochistic tendencies are more common
Term
15. What childhood experiences might predispose someone to develop SM tendencies?
Definition
Being punished for engaging in sexual activities might lead a child or an adolescent to associate sex with pain.
Term
16. Which paraphilia would be most likely to result in death
Definition
Autoerotic asphyxia
Term
17. Is it common for an exhibitionist to sexually or physically assault his victim?
Definition
No
Term
18. What is the appropriate response if someone exposes himself to you
Definition
Do not react overtly, be calm. Simply set it down gently and go about your business. If the phone rings again immediately, ignore it.
Term
19. Describe psychological characteristics of people who make obscene phone calls.
Definition
Seeking an emotional response from the victim. They typically experience sexual arousal when their victims react in a horrified or shocked manner.
Term
20. What is the appropriate response to an obscene phone call
Definition
Remain calm, do no show emotions, put down phone and walk away. If they call back don’t pick up
Term
21. Voyeurs share many psychological characteristics with what other type of paraphiliacs
Definition
Exhibitionists.
Term
22. Is zoophilia more common among boys who have grown up in rural or urban settings?
Definition
Rural
Term
23. Describe psychological characteristics of individuals who engage in necrophilia.
Definition
They see themselves as sexually and socially inept and may both hate and fear women. Seek sexual gratification from viewing or having intercourse with a corpse.
Term
24. Are biological factors strongly associated with the development of paraphilas.
Definition
Term
25. Discuss psychological factors (such as child family environment, psychosocial characteristics, early sexual experiences, distorted cognitions, etc. that are associated with the development of paraphilias.
Definition
Term
26. Discuss treatment strategies for working with sex offenders.
Definition
Term
27. Does treatment for sex offenders tend to be multidimensional or narrow in focus? (solely consisting of biological treatment)
Definition
Term
1. Differentiate between pornography and erotica.
Definition
Pornography: written, visual, or audiotaped material that is sexually explicit and produced for purposes of eliciting sexual arousal.
Term
Erotica
Definition
depictions of sexuality which display mutuality, respect, affection, and a balance of power.
Term
1. Which industry produces more films per year, the porn industry or the traditional film industry
Definition
Porn industry, 10,000 to 400 in hollywood.
Term
2. Discuss positive and negative aspects of pornography
Definition
Pros:
lots of money made
cons:
Women feel a lot of pressure to be “porn worthy”
Creates unrealistic view of sex or what women want in sex.
Decreases sexual desire in men and men’s ability to be intimate
Term
3. What are some signs of compulsive pornography use
Definition
routinely spend significant amounts of times viewing pornography?
hide your online interactions from your spouse or significant other?
feel guilt or shame from your online use?
masturbate while online?
Are you less involved with your spouse because of your experience with Internet sex?
Term
4. Define the term sex worker
Definition
anyone involved in prostitution and related activities
Term
5. What percentage of sex workers are younger than 18 before they enter the sex industry
Definition
47%
Term
6. Discuss some reasons why men and women become sex workers.
Definition
may bring a feeling of power, especially in having control over negotiations for the service and fee. desire for the attention received from customers can five sex work appeal. young gay men may find sexual affirmation from client appreciaten and flattery , in significant contrast to the hostile anti-gay sentiment that -surrounded them when they were younger.

economic incentive and necessity are usually the primary motivations to enter and continue sex work.
Term
7. Discuss the high personal costs of sex work.
Definition
Sex workers have many physical and mental health problems as a direct result of violence, chronic stress, and exposure to sexually transmitted diseases. Two-thirds of the sex workers in Farley’s nine country study met diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Term
8. Discuss some of the differences between illegal street prostitution and legal brothel prostitution.
Definition
If legalized, prostitution could be regulated, licensed, and taxed by the government. Prostitutes would be registered and required to follow certain procedures, such as getting periodic checkups for sexually transmitted diseases, to maintain their licenses, as in Nevada.
Term
define homosexuality
Definition
The act of being male or female with the occurance or complete additions of the words marc and or bond in someones name.
Term
what is the goal of this course
Definition
To learn how to fuck bitches and cum blast hoes
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