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Psychology of Education
n/a
31
Education
Undergraduate 3
04/02/2009

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Term
socioculturalism
Definition
With the proper environment any (most) cognitive skills could be cultivated
Term
observational learning
Definition
learning by watching
Term
conservation
Definition
Piaget's theory of logical thinking
Term
concrete operational stage
Definition
Children in this stage can, however, only solve problems that apply to actual (concrete) objects or events, and not abstract concepts or hypothetical tasks
7-11 years
Term
formal operations
Definition
acquisition of the ability to think abstractly, reason logically and draw conclusions from the information available, as well as apply all these processes to hypothetical situations
12-adulthood
Term
epistomology
Definition
the branch of psychology that deals with the scope and limitations of learning
Term
zone of proximal development
Definition
the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers
Vygotsky
Term
vicarious reinforcement
Definition
a way to reinforce doing behaviors we see others rewarded for doing
Term
social reinforcers
Definition
reinforcers such as acceptance, hugs, approval, interest, praise, attention
Term
activity reinforcers
Definition
reinforcement of a fun activity
Term
tangible reinforcers
Definition
reinforcers such as candy or stickers
Term
internalization
Definition
unconcious internalization of worldly aspects of life
Term
scaffolding
Definition
instructional technique whereby the teacher models the desired learning strategy or task, then gradually shifts responsibility to the student
Term
mirror neuron
Definition
"monkey see, monkey do" neuron catalysts
Term
token economy
Definition
form of reinforcement that uses tangible rewards to earn bigger rewards
Term
constructivism
Definition
the psychological theory of of knowledge that argues people generate knowledge through experiences
Term
modeling
Definition
learning through imitation
Term
entity view of intelligence
Definition
intelligence is unchangeable
Term
incremental view of learning
Definition
theory that learning occurs in stages
Term
facilitating anxiety
Definition
anxiety that helps performance on exams
Term
debilitating anxiety
Definition
anxiety that hinders performance
Term
attribution theory
Definition
theory concerned with the ways in which people explain (or attribute) the behavior of others or themselves (self-attribution) with something else. It explores how individuals "attribute" causes to events and how this cognitive perception affects their usefulness in an organization
Term
hierarchy of needs
Definition
the pyramid of 'needs' necessary for students to learn effectively
Term
self-determination
Definition
general theory of human motivation and is concerned with the choices people make with their own free will and full sense of choice, without any external influence and interference
Term
self-efficacy
Definition
a person’s perception of their ability to reach a goal, whereas self-esteem relates to a person’s sense of self-worth
Term
intrinsic motivation
Definition
motivation that comes from the inside
Term
intrinsic motivation
Definition
motivation caused by one's desire to do well
Term
extrinsic motivation
Definition
motivation influenced by an external reward
Term
mastery goal
Definition
when a student does their work in order to gain achievement because they want to learn
Term
performance goal
Definition
mastering something for an extrinsic reward
Term
performance goal
Definition
mastering something for an extrinsic reward
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