Term
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Definition
| Opposing sets of muscles that are required to move a leg or arm back and forth. |
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Term
| Central pattern generators |
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Definition
| Neural mechanisms in the spinal cord that generate rhythmic patterns of motor output. |
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Term
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Definition
Layers of cells on the outer surface of the cerebral hemisphere of the forebrain.
1. Prefrontal cortex
2. Premotor cortex
3. Supplementary motor cortex
4.Primary motor cortex
5. Primary somatosensory cortex
6. Posterior parietal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscles fibers that produced fast contractions but fatigue rapidly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle fibers that have less vigorous contractions and no fatigue. |
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Term
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Definition
| A severe neurological disorder characterized by jerky arm movements and facial twitches and later by tremors, writhing movements, and psychological symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A synapse between a motor neuron axon and a muscle fiber. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by a damage to a dopamine pathway, resulting in slow movements, difficulty initiating movements. |
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Term
| Activation-synthesis hypothesis |
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Definition
| The idea that a dream represents the brain's effort to make sense of sparse and distorted information. |
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Term
| Clinico-anatomical hypothesis |
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Definition
| The idea that considers dreams as a type of thinking that occurs under unusual conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone that influences sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sleep that deep in some ways and light in others. |
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Term
| Periodic limb movement disorder |
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Definition
| A sleep disorder characterized by repeated involuntary movements of the legs and sometimes the arms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A distinctive pattern of high-amplitude electrical potentials that occur first in the pons, then in the lateral geniculate, and then in the occipital cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which people move around vigorously during REM sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| Impaired ability to breathe while sleeping. |
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Term
| Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) |
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Definition
| An inhibitory transmitter that blocks the satierty actions of the paraventricular nucleus. |
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Term
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
| A hormone that enables the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine. |
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Term
| Behavioral activation system (BAS) |
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Definition
| Left brain hemispheric activity marked by low to moderate autonomic arousal and a tendency to approach, which could characterize either happiness or anger. |
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Term
| Behavioral inhibition system (BIS) |
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Definition
| Right brain hemispheric activity, which increases attention and arousal, inhibits action and stimulates emotions such as fear and disgust. |
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Term
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) |
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Definition
| The overdevelopment of the adrenal glands from birth. |
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Term
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
| A chemical released from the anterior pituitary and it also promotes the growth of a follicle in the ovary. |
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Term
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Definition
| A proposal that an event first provokes the autonomic arousal and skeletal responses and that the feeling aspect of emotion in the presentation of those responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a hormone released from the anterior pituitary that causes the follicles to release an ovum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thirst triggered by certain neurons that detect the loss of their own water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain structure adjoining the third ventricle of the brain, where its cells monitor blood volume and relay information to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which individuals with an XY chromosome pattern have the genital appearance of a female. |
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Term
| Ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) |
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Definition
| A region of the hypothalamus in which damage leads to faster stomach emptying and increased secretion of insulin. |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
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Definition
| Is a chemical released from the anterior pituitary gland, which enhanced metabolic activity and elevates blood levels of sugar. |
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Term
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Definition
| Receptor complex structure that includes a site that binds GABA as well as sites that modify the sensitivity of the GABA site. |
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Term
| General adaptation syndrome |
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Definition
| A generalized response to stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a drug use to treat anxiety. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease characterized by memory loss, confusion, depression, restlessness, hallucinations, delusions, sleeplessness, and loss of appetite. |
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Term
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Definition
| The concept that all parts of the cortex contribute equally to complex behaviors; any part of the cortex can substitute for any other. |
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Term
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Definition
| A synapse that increases in effectiveness because of simultaneous activity in the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain damage caused by prolonged thiamine deficiency. |
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Term
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Definition
| A glutamate receptor that can respond to the drug N-methyl-D-aspartate. |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency not to notice a visible change in an object to which one was not paying attention. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which the person has relatively good language abilities in spite of impairments in other regards. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tendency to see something as moving back and forth between positions when in fact it is alternately blinking on and off in those positions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanism that enables someone to hear something and remember it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition characterized by poor language comprehension and impaired ability to remember the name of objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| A movement disorder characterized by tremors and other involuntary movements. |
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Term
| Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRIs) |
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Definition
| A drug that blocks the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. |
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Term
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
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Definition
| Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin in the presynaptic terminal. |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug that inhibits the NMDA glutamate receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of neurons that projects from the midbrain tegmentum to the limbic system. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical family family that includes antipsychotic drug that relieve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. |
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Term
| Neurodevelopmental hypothesis |
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Definition
| Proposal that schizophrenia begins with abdominalities in the prenatal or neonatal development of the nervous system, based on either genetics or other influences. |
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Term
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Definition
| an antipsychotic drug that relieves the positive symptoms of schizophrenia form most, though not all, patients. |
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