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psychology module 20-21 kassin
nature and nurture
22
Other
Not Applicable
10/18/2006

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Term
genetics
Definition
the branch of iology that deals with the mechanisms of heredity.
Term
chromosomes
Definition
rodlike structures, found in all biological cells, that contain DNA molecules in the form of genes.
Term
deoxyribonucleic acid
Definition
the complex molecular structure of a chromosome that carries genetic info
Term
genes
Definition
the biochemical units of heredity that govern the decelopment of an individual life.
Term
human genome
Definition
the genetic blueprint for making a complete human being.
Term
genotype
Definition
the unerlyig DNA sequence that an idividual inherits.
Term
phenotype
Definition
an organisms observable properties, physical and behavioral.
Term
natural selection
Definition
the evolutionary process by which some genes in a population spread more than others, causing species to change over time.
Term
adaptations
Definition
advantageous physical and psychological traits that are inherited
Term
mutations
Definition
random gene copying errors that can spark evolution by natural selection
Term
evolutionary psychology
Definition
a subfield that uses the principles of evolution to understand human social behavior
Term
inclusive fitness
Definition
the notion that an organisms genes are preserved not only through its own offspring but also through the offspring of genetic relatives
Term
kinship selection theory
Definition
the tendency for organisms to preferentially help others according to their genetic relatedness
Term
reciprocal altruism
Definition
the tendency for organisms to help members of other species, who may later reciprocate
Term
nature-nurture debate
Definition
the debate over the extent to which human behavior is determined by genetics and the environment
Term
family studies
Definition
studies that estimate genetic influences through similarities of family members who vary in their degree of genetic relatedness
Term
heritability
Definition
a statistical estimate of the percentage of the variability of a trait within a group that is attributable to genetic factors.
Term
twin-study method
Definition
a method of testing nature and nurture by comparing pairs of identical and fraternal twins of the same sex
Term
adoption studies
Definition
a method of testing nature and nurture by comparing twins and other siblings reared together with those seperated by adoption
Term
gender roles
Definition
sex-typed behaviors promoted by social learning
Term
gender schemas
Definition
a network of beliefs about men and women that influences the way we perceive ourselves and others
Term
sexual orientation
Definition
ones sexual preference for members of the same sex, opposite sex or both sexes
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