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| Life began on Earth quickly and therefore life begins quickly wherever possible. |
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| An ability to learn from experience or practice, Predicts a person's achievement or performance at some future event |
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| Successfully accomplishing a task or activity. |
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| First Intelligence test, Intelligence is a collection of higher order mental abilities that are related to one another. Intelligence is nutured. |
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| Age divided by Mental age multiplied by 100 |
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| Ability to perceive relationships without precious specific experience. Matrices tests or verbal analogies. |
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| Crystallized Intelligence |
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| Mental ability derived from previous experience |
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| First field in Psychology. Wilhelm Wundt. Used Systematic introspection. |
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| Person asked to complete a task and dump everything else from their mind. |
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| Too subjective, does not focus on unconscious though |
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| Problems with anylitical introspection |
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| light does not appear still in a completely dark environment, pin point of light appears to be moving. |
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| attempt to understand a mental process by determining what problem in the environment the process helps solve. |
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| tried to explain why psychological traits exist. |
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| Introduced intelligence as a psychological construct (adaptation) |
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| States that behavior seeks to increase pleasure and/or decrease pain |
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| Survival, Mating, Parenting, Helping Relatives |
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| Four main problems that organisms need to overcome |
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| Low Mate Value Males, High Mate Value Males |
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| Who had the highest measure of Jealousy in the Jealousy study? The lowest? |
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| Because of Male-Male competition for mates. |
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| Why do men mature more slowly? |
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| Familiarity breeds liking and attraction |
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| The conscious and unconscious mind must be thoroughly analyzed before effective treatments can begin |
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| we seek to do what gives us pleasure |
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| we cannot always do what gives us pleasure |
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| occurs when we repress desires too long without gratification |
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| seeks to make people well by curing their neurosis. Using hypnosis, dream interpretation, and ambiguous tests |
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| The place where we put the desires that we are unable to fulfill |
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| Individuals put structure on ambiguous situations in ways that are consistent with their unconscious needs |
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| 31 cards with ambiguous situation, person asked to create a story about each picture |
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| Rotter incomplete Sentence Test |
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| Participants are asked to complete 40 questions |
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| Human figure drawing test |
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| Clients asked to draw a person |
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| what percentage of psychologists use ambiguous tests occasionally? Often? |
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| School of research that believed that the mind should not be studied, only observable behaviors |
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| concluded that animals have no insight and learn simply by trial and error |
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| Instrumental conditioning |
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| Changing the probability that something will occur by manipulating the consequences of the response |
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| first response after a given interval is rewarded, rest between rewards |
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| Rewards vary with a given average, no resting |
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| selectively reinforcing successfully closer approximations or a target behavior. |
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| Rewarding a desired behavior |
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| rewarding a desired behavior by taking away a negative stimulus |
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