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Psychology final
Psychology Final CU Boulder
53
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/11/2012

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Cards

Term
homeostasis
Definition
body's tendency to maintain equilibrium or steady state. (temperature, blood sugar level)
Term
Optimum arousal theory
Definition
to do well at something an arousal that isnt too high or too low might be the best. 
Term
Yerkes-Dodson law
Definition
performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal. 
Term
overlearning
Definition
perform task so much it becomes automatic in time of high arousal (pilot landing plane in hudson river)
Term
hierarchy of needs
Definition
Maslows theory that hman needs must be satisfied in the following order: physiological needs, safety, love/belongingness, esteem, and self actualization (the pyramid)
Term
self actualization
Definition
motavation to reach ones full potential. 
Term
self determination theory 
Definition
theory asserting that all humans have 3 basic, innate orgainismic needs: competence (highly motavated to suceced), relatedness (engage in warm relations), autonomy (we control our own life)
Term
intrinsic motavation
Definition
motavation based on internal factors such as orgasmic needs as well as curtiosy, challenge, and fun. 
Term
extrinsic motavation
Definition
motavation that involves external incentives ( get good grades to avoid parental disapproval)
Term
self regulation 
Definition
process of effortly controling behavior in order to pursue important objectives. 
Term
set point
Definition
the weight maintained when the individual makes no effort to gain or lose weight. 
Term
anorexia nervosa 
Definition
eating disoorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation. 
Term
bulima nervosa
Definition
eating disorder which an individual (female) consistently follows a binge and purge eating pattern (eat and toss)
Term
binge eaing disorder BED
Definition
eating disorder where you consume large amounts of food and person feels lack of control over eating
Term
polygraph 
Definition
a machine or lie detector 
Term
James-Lange thoery of emotion
Definition

emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the enviorment 

(bull scratching hoove looking right at you) ( dont run away because you are afraid, but you are afraid because you are running away) 

Term
Cannon-Bard thoery
Definition
propostion that emotion and physiological arousal happen at the same time 
Term
2 factor theory of emotion
Definition
physiological arousal and cognitive labeling (pleasent comment to you, you are happy) (feel bad you did something wrong, feel guilty)
Term
facial feedback hypothesis
Definition
idea that facil expression can influence emotions as well as reflect them. (happy when we smile)
Term
display rules
Definition
sociocultural standards determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed. (tribe in alaska dont get frustarted when there is a big storm)
Term
Broaden and build model
Definition
model of positive emotion, stating that the function of postive emotion lies in their effects on an individual's attention and ability to build resources. (good mood we think outside the box 
Term
sexual selection
Definition
Darwin's theory of evolution, the difference between male and female in any species, is a difference in competeion and choice (one who invests most to reproduce is choice and others compete)
Term
gender similarities hypothesis
Definition
hydes proposition that men and woman are more similar than differnt
Term
overt aggresion
Definition
physically or verbally harming somone drectly.
Term
relational aggression
Definition
meant to harm social standing
Term
attributuion theory
Definition
view that people are motavated to discover the underlying causes of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of behavior. 
Term
3 dimensions of causes of attribution
Definition

internal causes (whats inside specific to person or external and whats the situation;beth get A because she is smart or was test easy)

un/stable causes(did i blow up on gf because im hostile or in bad mood)

un/controllable(henrys picnic spoiled by rainstorm, we arent mad at him)

Term
fundamental attribution error
Definition
observers overestimate importance of internal factors an underestimate importance of external situations
Term
flase consensus effect
Definition
observers overestimation of the degree to which every else thinks or acts the way they do
Term
self serving bias
Definition
tendency to take credit for sucess and deny failure on external factors (doing well on test, r doing poorly on test. )
Term
self objectification
Definition
tendency to see one-self primarily as an object in the eyes of others
Term
social comparison
Definition
process in which we compare our abilities, feelings, behaviors with others similar to us. 
Term
cognitive dissonane
Definition
individuls psychological discomfort caused by 2 incosisitant thoughts 
Term
self-perception thoery
Definition
Bem's thory on how behaviors influence attitudes, stating that individuals make inferences about their attitiudes by percieving their behavior (look at our own behavior to determine our attitudes when its not clear)
Term
elements of persuasion
Definition

The communicator (depend on characteristics for running for presidential canidates)

the medium (technology, seeing on TV is better than newspaper

Target(audience)(age and attitude are 2 main ones)

Message(elabaration likelihood model

Term
elabaration likelihood model
Definition

central route(engage someone with sound logical argument) and peripheral route

(source's credibility and attractivness or emotional appeals)

Term
alturism
Definition
unselfish interest in helping another person
Term
egoism
Definition
giving to another person to gain self-esteem; to present one self as powerful. (do this because one day they might return the favor) (be kind hoping someone else is nice to us later)
Term
bystander effect
Definition
tendency to not help during an emergency when there is others compared to not one. 
Term
Asch's experiment
Definition
standard line compared to other lines
Term
conformity
Definition
change in persons behavior to coincide more closely woth a group standard
Term
informational social influence
Definition
influence because we want to be right
Term
normative influence
Definition
want them to like us
Term
obedience
Definition
behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority
Term
deindividuation
Definition
reduction in personal identitiy and erosion of personal responsibility when one id part of group(KKK)
Term
social contagion 
Definition
iminate involving spread of actions, emotions, ideas. (funnier in thetere than on DVD)
Term
social facilitation
Definition
improvement in performence because of presense of others
Term
social loafing
Definition
like racing in a group versus racing versus time
Term
risky shift
Definition
decision made by group is riskier than average decision 
Term
group polaration effect
Definition
strengthen individuals postion based on group dicussion
Term
social identity
Definition
way we define ourselves in terms of group membership
Term
prejudice
Definition
we hate them based on their group
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