Term
|
Definition
| Largest. Evaluate, Change Behavior.... anxiety/depression for example |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Medical Doctor and Psychologist-can prescribe meds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| helps with adjustments/decisions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies learning problems/observation in classrooms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| helps with course planning/tests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies phys, emotional, social, and cognitive changes through life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies traits, anxiety, aggression, gender roles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies behavior in situations, conforming, hostile or friendly, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| design products and studies their effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social systems, positive change, help powerless. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| police, criminal justice, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies physical health, prevent/reduce disease risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strategies for recovery-disabilities |
|
|
Term
| Cross-Cultural Psychology |
|
Definition
| studies different conditions' effect on people... new insights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Consciousness (according to Structuralism) |
|
Definition
1-Objective Sensations (outer)
2-Subjective Feelings (inner) |
|
|
Term
| FUNCTIONALISM (person and basic idea) |
|
Definition
| William James-'stream of consciousness |
|
|
Term
| PSYCHOANALYTIC (person, basics, diagram?) |
|
Definition
| Sigmund Freud-iceberg with unconscious motives and internal conflicts causing behavior (need output.... Sexual/Aggressive Urges. |
|
|
Term
| BEHAVIORISM (people and concepts) |
|
Definition
John B. Watson-only observable behavior conditioned by events
B.F. Skinner-reinforcement/rewards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perception of objects is greater than sum of parts... fill in missing info. |
|
|
Term
| COGNITIVE (ancient, basics) |
|
Definition
| Socrates' introspection, thoughts, perception of world-INFO PROCESSING |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nervous system, hormones/genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evolution of behavior/mental processes... adaptive. passed down. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| human capacity for self-fufillment, "invent self", basica goodness |
|
|
Term
| LEARNING (basic perspective) |
|
Definition
| experiences!!! (perspective)... learn by intentional observation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people can change environments or create new ones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gender, culture, status, ethnicity, etc. (perspective) |
|
|
Term
| BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL (person and basic) |
|
Definition
| George Engel, interaction of bio. processes, psych. dispositions, and social factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reticular Activating System |
|
Definition
| attention, sleep, arousal (part of brain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| balance/coordination (pt of brain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nat: bio. makeup.... Nurt: enviromental trumps w/family, education, experiences, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Identical Twins separated prove enviro or bio impact... also with adoptees. |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Consciousness |
|
Definition
| awareness of things both in and outside self (def) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concept unseeable, can't be measured |
|
|
Term
| Three Types of Consciousness |
|
Definition
| Sensory Awareness, Direct Inner Awareness, Sense of Self |
|
|
Term
| 3 Levels of Consciousness |
|
Definition
| Preconscious-recallable; unconscious-dreams, impulses, feelings; nonconscious-fingernails growing, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1-light, brief images, 2, 3, 4... REM as you rise back up to first again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| REM-most vivid... 'real time' |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unconscious urges, symbols |
|
|
Term
| Biopsychosocial View of Dreams |
|
Definition
| nervous burst is random; previous events of day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trouble falling asleep, tension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| roam around... usually outgrow with age. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breathing interruption... sometimes snoring. |
|
|
Term
| Night Terrors versus Nightmares |
|
Definition
Terrors-severe, gasping, thrashing, etc.... deep sleep
Mares-REM, anxiety, upsetting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some altered states of consciousness |
|
Definition
| Sleep, hypnosis, biofeedback, meditation, and drugs. |
|
|
Term
| Hypnosis (person, basics, and uses) |
|
Definition
| 'trance'... Franz Mesmer-magnetism... used for pain, memory, habits. |
|
|
Term
| Biofeedback (basic, uses) |
|
Definition
feeds back live data about what's going on in body... can control heart rate, blood pressure, relax headaches, etc...
helps ADHD especially |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| method... nervous consciousness... mantras (repetitive stimulus), lowers stress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulants, Depressants, and Hallucinogens |
|
|
Term
| Depressant Drugs (basic, subcategory, examples) |
|
Definition
Slow down body.
Narcotics-numbness, withdrawl
(morphine, heroin, etc.) |
|
|
Term
| Stimulant Drugs (basic, specific examples and subcategory) |
|
Definition
heightens nervous system
Nicotine: common, reduce appetite, addictive, smoking
Ampehetamines- lower appetite, more awake, hallucinations, delusions, false ideas
Cocaine: low pain, humger... more confidence, pleasure; painkiller |
|
|
Term
| Hallucinogens (basic, examples |
|
Definition
hallucinations-relax, pleasure, panic
Marijuana (slow time), LSD (intense acid), Mushrooms, Peyote, Ecstasy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of learning with stimulus-response connections |
|
|
Term
| Classical Conditioning Definition |
|
Definition
| stimulus calls response usually with another stimulus (association) |
|
|
Term
| Explain UCS, UCR, CR, and CS with Pavlov etc. |
|
Definition
| Unconditioned Stimulus (food) makes UCResponse (salivation). When food and bell are combined (UCS and Conditioned Stimulus), eventually just the bell will produce a conditioned response (salivation). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learned avoidance of certain food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when conditioned stimulus no longer followed by unconditioned stimulus, and no conditioned response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responses despite extinction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responding in same ways to similar stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responding differently to nonsimilar stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exposed to harmless fear until extinguishing |
|
|
Term
| Systematic Desensitization |
|
Definition
| relaxation then gradual exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pair a pleasant and fearful stimulus to take away fear (COOKIES!!! <3 ) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learn to do something and no to do something because of results (learn from consequences) |
|
|
Term
| Classical vs. Operant Conditioning |
|
Definition
| Classic-learn from pairing; Operant-learn from consequences |
|
|
Term
| BF Skinner's Operant Conditioning Experiment |
|
Definition
| rat pressed lever by accident, and increases behavior when he realizes it gets him food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulus increases chances that preceding behavior will occur again |
|
|
Term
| Primary vs. Secondary Reinforcement |
|
Definition
1-biological: food, water, warmth, etc.
2-learned value: money, approval, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rewards-positive reinforcement, increases behavior when applied
Punishments-unpleasant, increases behavior when removed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforced everytime it occurs |
|
|
Term
| Partial Schedules (basic and 2 types) |
|
Definition
not reinforced everytime (better method)
1-Interval
2-Ratio |
|
|
Term
| Examples comparing Interval and Ratio (Fixed and Variable) |
|
Definition
Int.Fixed: weekly paycheck
Int.Variable: checking email
Rat. Fixed: lose license after 5 violations
Rat. Variable: playing lottery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaking into and reinforcing smaller pieces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| build small upon small ideas (type of shaping) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Little Albert. Type of Conditioning? |
|
Definition
| Classical Conditioning: infant friends with white rat... paired loud noise with rat and he became afraid of his friend :( |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of encoding, storing and retrieving info; includes factual and general info, experiences, events, and skills |
|
|
Term
| Memory types breakdown... |
|
Definition
Implicit (skills)
Explicit (specific info)-episodic (specific event)-flashbulb memory (intense, important)
-semantic (facts, wods, concepts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Encoding, Storage, Retrieval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Visual, Acoustic, Semantic (represents) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Maintenance Rehearsal-repetition to keep from forgetting info, the more the better...
Elaborative Rehearsal-more effective, relate to previous info known |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mind is filing cabinets/files according to similarities
filing errors=cant remember |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Conext-Dependent (place)
State-Dependent (mood)
easy when mood or place or situation is the same as the memory! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sensory, Short Term, Long Term |
|
|
Term
| Sensory Memory (two types and a detail) |
|
Definition
brief, impressions
iconic-images, eidetic-photographic, echoic-sound (easier) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
'working memory'
several seconds
current thoughts |
|
|
Term
| Primacy and Recency Effects |
|
Definition
| tend to recall first and last items in series |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organizing into manageable chunks to memorize
ie phone number |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new info in short-term memory takes place of old |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infinite capacity but not permanent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| identify previously seen objects/events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learn quicker than first time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fading of memory over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painful/unpleasant memories unconsciously forgotten on purpose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forget what happened before trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lose ability to store new memories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| episodic-related, undeveloped and that point with no language, can't remember memories before 3 years old |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remember info by repetition and use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enchance memory by making odd connections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chunk into acronym, phrase, or jingle |
|
|
Term
| Achievement v. Intelligence |
|
Definition
Achievement=knowledge and skills gained from experience
Intelligence=abilities to learn from experience, think rationally and deal effectively with others (can help achievement)
NOT THE SAME |
|
|
Term
| Spearman's Theory of Intelligence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thurstone's Theory of Intelligence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gardner's theory of intelligence |
|
Definition
divided into 9... verbal, logical, visual, bodily, musical, inter and intrapersonal, natural, existential
independent intelligences |
|
|
Term
| Sternbergo's Theory of Intelligences |
|
Definition
| analytical, creative, and practical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| self-awareness, mood management, self-motivation, impulse control, and people skilils |
|
|
Term
| Two Types of Intelligence Measurement |
|
Definition
| Stanford-Binet Scale, and Wechsler Scales |
|
|
Term
| Stanford-Binet Scale (SBIS) |
|
Definition
| IQ= (mental age/chronological age) *100 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changed from raw score to compare scores more easily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more popular- subtests... average score=100 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reliability-consistency (similar IQ's same person
Validity-measures what it's supposed to measure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mild(50-70, slow learners); Moderate(35-49, down syndrome, no reading/math); Severe(20-34, constant supervision); Profound(<20, extreme) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gifted- >130 IQ, outstanding taalent/potential compared to age group
Prodigy-SPECIFIC skill, usually children |
|
|
Term
| Psychological Disorder Definition |
|
Definition
| behavior patterns or mental processes that cause serious personal suffering or interfere with a person's ability to cope with everyday life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Typicality, Maladaptivity, Emotional Discomfort, and Socially Unacceptable Behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
think head banging!
basically 'normal' depends on culture! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
organized by symptoms rather than causes |
|
|
Term
| Anxiety Disorders (anxiety definition and v. fear) |
|
Definition
generalized state of dread or uneasiness that occurs in response to vague/imagined danger
(fear is real danger) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recurring/unexpected panic attacks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
short period of intense fear
short breath, dizzy, heart faster, feel 'going crazy' |
|
|
Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) |
|
Definition
| excessive or unrealistic WORRY about life cirmcumstances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common anxiety
persistent or irrational fear of a particular object or situation
leads to avoidance behaviors |
|
|
Term
| Zoophobia, Acrophobia, Arachnophobia |
|
Definition
| animals, heights, spiders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difficult/impossible escape, often paired with panic disorder |
|
|
Term
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
What are Obsessions and Compulsions |
|
Definition
O-unwanted thoughts, ideas or mental images that occur over and over again
C-repetitive ritual behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after traumatic event-intense, persistent, anxiety, flashbacks, nightmares, numbness, avoidance, tension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short term trauma, ranging from days to weeks. |
|
|
Term
| Psychoanalytic View (anxiety) |
|
Definition
| forbidden childhood urges being repressed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
taught by experiences (parents/children?)
avoidance leads to less anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respond negatively and believe helplessness |
|
|
Term
| Biological View (anxiety) |
|
Definition
| Heredity! ancestral fears? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Biological tendency to react certain way, creates psychological anxiety (vicious cycle) |
|
|
Term
| Two categories of mood disorders |
|
Definition
| Depression and BiPolar Disorder |
|
|
Term
| Major Depression (basic and symptom diagnosis) |
|
Definition
| feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness, guilt, and sadness (5/9 symptoms with one of first two being a must!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cycle of mood changes from depression to wild elation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extreme excitement, self-esteem, chaos/hyperactivity, jumpy (part of BPD) |
|
|
Term
| Post-partum Depression (PPD) |
|
Definition
after-birth of child
feel hopeless; inadequate childcare skills |
|
|
Term
| Psychoanalytic View (mood) |
|
Definition
| past and present events connected, childhood loss leeds to inner anger and depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learned helplessness, events iout of control, pessimistic |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive View (mood) (2) |
|
Definition
way of explaining events becomes habit
internal, stable, global causes
OR
Negative self-schemas/negativity! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heredity!
seretonin/nonadrenaline (low levels) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most likely
break vicious cycle=treated |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| hallucinations, delusions, though disorders, social withdrawl, stupors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Paranoid-grandeur, persecution, jealousy, conspiracies
Disorganized-incoherent, too many or too few emotion
Catatonic-disturbin movement and flexibility... from stupor to agitation |
|
|
Term
| Psychoanalytic View (Schizophrenia) |
|
Definition
id urges overwhelm the ego and cause conflict and confusion
regress to infancy |
|
|
Term
| Bio. View (Schizophrenia) |
|
Definition
brain disorder-frontal part of brain
loss of synapses/communications
birth, starvation in pregnancy, heredity, winter births (less sunlight)
more dopamine receptors or use more dopamine, or hyperactive receptors
central nervous system |
|
|
Term
| Multifactorial View (Schizophrenia) |
|
Definition
bio-create vulnerability with genes
psych-negatively affected by troubled family |
|
|
