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Psychology Exam1 CH 4
UWGB Intro to Psyc Exam 1
19
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/16/2016

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Term
Central Nervous System
Definition

Brain

Spinal Cord

Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition

Nerves carrying sensory and motor information to and from the body

 

Somatic Nervous System

 

Autonomic Nervous System

-Sympathetic Nervous System

-Parasumpathetic Nervous System

Term
Four Cortical Lobes
Definition

Frontal Lobe: Planning of movements, recent memory, some aspects of emotions; (Phineas Gage)

Parietal lobe:  body sensations

Occipital lobe: vission

Temporal lobe: hearing and advanced visual processing

Term
Other Important  Structures in the Brain
Definition

Braistem: contains midbrain, pons and medulla

Medulla: manages heart rate and blood pressure; damage results in death

Pons: Manages sleep, arousal, and facial expression

Cerebellum: Balance and motor coordination

Midbrain: sensory reflexes, movement and pain

Reticular Formation: Controls moond, arousal and sleep

Coprus Callosum: wide band of axons connecting right and left cerebral hemispheres

Term
Subcortical Structures
Definition

Thalamus: processing of sensory information; states of arousal, learning, and memory

Basal ganglia: control of movement

Hypothalamus: regulation of thrist, temperature, hunger, sexual behavior, and aggression

Hippocampus: memory

Amygdala: emotional processing

Term
Right/Left Brain
Definition

Laterization: localization of a function in either the right or the left cerebral hemisphere

 

Movement and sensation on the right side of the body are processed by the left hemisphere

 

Movement and sensation on the left side of the body are processed by the right hemisphere

 

Split-brain operations

Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition

Somatic Nervous System: Brings sensory information to the central nervous systema dn transmits commands to muscles

 

Autonomic Nervous System: Directs the activity of the glands, organis and smooths muslces

-Sympathetic Nervous System: Coordinates arousal

-Parasympathic Nervous System: Rest, repair and energy storage

Term
Neurons
Definition

Cell of nervous system that is responsible for sending and receving neural messages

-Interneuron: transmits impulses between other neurons

Parts of the neuron:

-Cell body (soma): large, central mass of a neuron, contains nucleus

-Axons: passes massages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands

Dendrites: receives messages from other cells

Myelin Sheath: covers the axons and some neurons  and helps speed neural impulses

Term
Glial Cells
Definition

Support and nourish neurons

Contribute to learning and memory

Create blood-brain barrier

Create myelin

Term
Neural Signaling
Definition

Synapse: point of communication between two neurons

The neurone will receive inpute, evaluate it, and then decide whether to transmit that information to neurons downstream.

Beforea neuron receives a signal, it is in a resting state

Neurons receive signals in two forms

-Chemical changes: This is done via neurotransmitters or chemical elements in the environment

-Physical changes

These signals cause ionic fluctuations in the neuron's plasma membrane which creates an electrical current flow in the neuron

This current flow travels down the axon (perhaps long-distance through action potential)

When the current reaches the terminal, neurotransmitters are released to other neurons or the environment

Term
Sensonry Input
Definition

The stimulation of a sense organ that creates an impiulse

-Sensory input occurs when a sense organ is stimulated

Term
Motor Ouput
Definition
Dictates a response by activating effector organs
Term
Integration
Definition
Processes and interprets sensory input and then makes decisions
Term
Afferent/Efferent
Definition

Afferent: carried TO CNS

Efferent: Carried AWAY FROM CNS

Term
Action potentional
Definition

The electrical signaling arising in a neuron's axon; traveling down the axon to terminal; when cell reaches threshold

- Occurs as a result of Depolarization, which occurs when the neuron is stimulated

-Membrane becomes negative externally

Term

Refractory Period

 

Definition
Follows Action potential
Term
Resting Potential
Definition

Measure of the electrical charge across a neural membrane when the neuron is not processing information; no incoming signals

-Occurs when membrane is Polarized

Term
The Endocrine System
Definition

-Responsible for the release of hormones into bloodstream

-Metabolism

-Arousal

-Growth

-Sex

Glands and Hormones:

Pineal gland: release of melatonin (sleep-awake cycles)

Pituitary Gland: body's master gland regulated by hypothalamus; oxytocin and vasopressin; growth hormone; sex hormones

Thyroid gland: metabolism and life sustaining processes

Term
Neurotransmitters
Definition

-Released when action potential arrives at terminal

Endorphines: Pain relief\

Epinephrine: arousal(adrenalin)

Acetycholine: movement, planning, reward

SerotoninL mood, appetite, sleep

Norepinephrine: arousal and vigilance

GABA: inhibition of brain activity

GlutamateL excitation of brain activity

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