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Definition
| significance of being male or female |
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| socialization process by which children, at an early age, learn appropriate gender roles |
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| the image of how we see ourselves, describes what we know and fell about ourselves; descriptive and evaluative mental picture of one’s abilities and traits |
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| idea that happens around 4-10 months that we’re starting to gain control over external events; the world doesn’t just act on you, you have an effect on your environment |
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| conscious knowledge of the self, as a distinct, identifiable being; emergence of the word “I” (20-24 months) |
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| being able to control your environment; shift from external control to self control; awareness of having a role to fill |
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| What is the reason behind the "terrible two's"? |
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| Babies realizing they have autonomy |
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| during socialization, process by which children accept social standards on conduct as their own |
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| during socialization, process by which children accept social standards on conduct as their own |
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| development of habits, skills, values, and motives shared by responsibility, productive members of society (relies on internalization if these standards) |
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| wholehearted obedience of a parent’s orders without reminders or lapses; listen when told “No!” |
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| obedience of a parents orders only in the presence of signs of ongoing parental control; need reminding not to do something |
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| Who did the Rhesus monkey experiment, which exemplified the mother's role in the family? |
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| What is the first stage in Erikson's psycho-social development theory? |
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| If trust predominates, in Erikson's trust vs. Mistrust, what virtue develops? |
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Definition
| Hope- the belief they can fulfill their needs and obtain their desires |
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Definition
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| What came up with the "strange situation"? |
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Definition
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| What does the "strange situation" test? |
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Definition
| A child's attachment to their parent |
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Term
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Definition
| 65% of children; plays freely with mother, upset when she leaves, happy when she returns |
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Term
| 15-25% of children; does not cry when mother leaves, avoids contact upon return |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of attachment is characteristic of autistic children? |
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Definition
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| 10-15% of children, hovers around mother, angry when she returns; child unsure of the mother ability to satisfy them |
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Definition
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| about 10% of children, plays freely with mother, happy when she returns, but turns away when she approaches |
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Definition
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Term
| By 6 years old, the brain is at what percent volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| Between what ages, does the most rapid growth in areas that support associative thinking, language, and spatial relations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second stage of cognitive development? |
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Definition
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| What is the time frame for pre-operational thought? |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation; understanding situation according to your own perspective; often thought of in terms of individual self, egocentrism |
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Definition
| lack of awareness that people having perceptions and thoughts different from your own |
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Definition
| idea that something remains the same even after its appearance is altered (ex. Pouring a liquid from a short, wide glass to a tall thin glass, is the amount still the same?) |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to see an action can go two or more ways (in preceding example, the lack of realization that the juice can be poured back into the original container showing there was no change) |
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Definition
| children’s awareness of their own mental processes and those of other people |
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Term
| Piaget concluded that children younger than ____ have no theory of mind. |
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Definition
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| Bilingual children develop what more quickly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three steps of memory? |
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Definition
1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval |
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Term
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Definition
| by which information is prepared for long term storage and later retrieval ; like putting information a folder to be filed ad attaching a label so it will be easier to find later |
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Definition
| retention of information in memory for future use; like putting the folder in a cabinet |
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| process by which information is accessed or recalled form memory storage; like taking the folder back out |
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| initial, temporary storage for incoming sensory information |
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| aka short term memory, short term storage of information that a person is actively thinking about |
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| storage of virtually unlimited capacity that holds information for long periods |
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| What are the three "storehouses" for memory? |
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Definition
| Sensory, Working, and Long term |
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Term
| What are the three types of Childhood memories? |
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Definition
| Generic, Episodic, Autobiographical |
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Term
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| aka semantic memory; facts, vocabulary, definitive information; memory that produces scripts of familiar routines to guide behavior |
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Definition
| long term memory recalling whole episodes, details of specific events; temporary |
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Term
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Definition
| memory referring/connected to the self |
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Term
| What is the relationship between autobiographical and episodic memory? |
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Definition
| All autobiographical memory is episodic but not all episodic memory is autobiographical |
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Term
| What are 2 explanations for infantile amnesia? |
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Definition
1. Development of self- it is difficult to have a coherent autobiographical memory if you don’t have a sense of self to anchor these memories to
2. Development of Coherent Narrative (Social Interaction Model of Memory) - children can’t construct a narrative; ex. If you ask a child to recount a trip they might give you some relevant details but also a lot that is unnecessary, just a string of memories, they can’t tell what is or is not important |
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| practical applications of language; you can know a lot of words but if you don’t understand how to use them then they don’t mean anything |
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Definition
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| Speech that’s intended to be understood by the listener |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of preschoolers have some kind of language delay? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of preschoolers have some kind of language delay? |
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Definition
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| What is a common cause of language delays? |
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Definition
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| In terms of language delays, ______ is a more serious problem than ________ |
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Definition
| Comprehension, articulation |
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Term
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Definition
understanding that words are composed of sounds
Like breaking a code- put sounds together, need sight words in conjunction with the ability to sound words out |
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Term
| What are the two types of preschools? |
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Definition
| Child centered, and Academically focused |
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Term
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Definition
| first stage in development of self definition in which children describe themselves in terms of individual, unconnected characteristics and in all or nothing terms; the child sees themselves as an ideal self rather than a real self |
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Term
| Representational Mappings |
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Definition
| second stage in development of self definition, in which a child makes logical connections between aspects of the self but still sees these characteristics in all-or-nothing terms |
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Definition
| third stage in development of self definition when children begin to integrate specific features of the self into a general, multidimensional concept |
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Definition
| the evaluative part of self-concept; child’s judgment of his or her overall worth |
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Definition
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| What virtue is gained in initiative vs guilt? |
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Definition
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Definition
| awareness that one is male or female, and what that implies in the society you live in |
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Term
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Definition
| behaviors, interests, attitudes, skills, and traits that a culture considers appropriate for each sex; differ for males and females (ex. Professions associated with gender, personality characteristics) |
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Term
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Definition
| socialization process whereby children, at an early age, learn appropriate gender roles |
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Term
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Definition
| preconceived generalizations about male or female role behavior (All males are…) |
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Term
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Definition
| Functional, Constructive, Dramatic |
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Term
| Parenting style which results in a child who is distrustful, discontented, reserved, and withdrawn |
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Definition
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Term
| Children are the most immature and insecure, as well as the least self-controlled but also the least explorative |
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Definition
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Term
| Parenting style giving children options but setting limits ; emphasizes individuality but stresses social constraints |
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Definition
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Term
| ______’s Cognitive Development Theory |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| child's realization that their sex will stay the same |
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Term
| 3 steps in Kohlberg’s Cognitive Development Theory: |
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Definition
| Gender identity, stability, and consistency |
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