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Definition
Concerned with what was known to the person.
-Content of consciousness
-Wilhelm Wundt |
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| self-observation and reporting of conscious inner thoughts, desires and sensations |
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The interest in how the mind works. Focused on the role of consciousness in guiding people's ability to make decisions
-william james |
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-Father of American psychology
-Functionalist |
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Definition
-structuralist turned functionalist
-1st to recieve PhD in psychology
-founder of APA
-1st to establish psychology lab |
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-configuration
-Max Wertheimer, visual perception-distance |
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Definition
| Use technology to study biological processes in the brain and how they affect behavior and mental process |
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| Studies the changes in behavior and mental processes throughout life and try to understand the causes and effects of those changes |
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| study of mental abilities (sensation, perception, learning, memory, thinking) |
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| Study of the similarities and differences between people and compare them based on personal characteristics |
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| Clinical and Counseling Psychology |
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Definition
| Conduct research on the causes of mental disorders and offer services to help them. |
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Definition
Work to ensure that psychological services reach the homeless and others who need it and may not ask for help.
-try to prevent disorders by working with the community |
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| Study the effects of behavior on health -the way illness effects behavior and emotions |
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| Study to develop theories about teaching and learning -Their work results are applied to improve teacher training, improving a curriculum ect. |
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Definition
specialized in !Q testing and learning disabilities
-set up programs to improve student achievement and satisfaction in schools |
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Definition
study the way people think about themselves and others and how people influence one another
-research aimed toward persuasion such as advertisements and public health campaigns. |
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| Industrial/Organizational Psychology |
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Definition
Study leadership, stress, competition, pay scales, and other factors of a business working environment.
-their research employee motivation, helping select the best workers |
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Term
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Definition
-Encoding
-Storage
-Retrieval |
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Term
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Definition
!st step in the memory process
-when info is coded and put into memory |
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-Acoustic
-Visual
-Semantic |
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Term
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Definition
| Keeping the information in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory of a specific event |
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Term
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| Memory of a specific event you experienced EX: What you had for dinner |
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General knowledge about the world
EX: 1st president of the US |
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Term
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Definition
How to do things
EX: tie a shoe lace |
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Definition
used when intentionally trying to remember something
EX: Facts for an exam |
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The unintentional recognition and influence of prior experiences
EX: How to ride a bike |
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-Though observing behavior was most important.
-How rewards and punishments shape behavior.
-Every aspect of the person is learned and can be manipulated |
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Definition
| To assume behavior is shaped by biological processes |
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Definition
assumes behavior of humans and animals is result of evolution through natural selection
EX: aggression-->territory protection
cooperation--> survival strategy |
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Definition
Assumes our behavior and mental processes reflect unconcious struggles within us.
EX: Conflicts that involve conflicts b/w impulse to satisfy instincts (food, agression) |
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Term
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Definition
Seek to understand behavior by looking at learning history
-Thinks you can change behavior by unlearning old habits and learning new ones |
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Definition
How we take in, store and process information and how that is related to our behavior.
-pple who take this approach focus on the series of mental events during, for example, decision making |
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Term
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Definition
see behavior as determined by each person's capacity to choose how to think and act.
-these choices are driven by each persons perception of the world
-believe people are essentially good |
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Definition
| Tend to value personal rather than group acheivement |
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Definition
| Tend to value personal rather than group acheivement |
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| to think as ones self as mainly part of a group |
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Term
| Information-processing model |
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Definition
| model of memory where info is seen as passing through sensory, short-term, and long-term memory |
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| Levels-of-processing model |
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Definition
| view stating how well somthing is remembered depends on degree to which incoming information is mentally processed |
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| repeating information over and over to keep it active in short term memory |
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Definition
| memorization method involving thought about how new info is relative to info already stored in long-term memory |
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| transfer-appropriate processing model |
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Definition
| model of memory suggesting that a critical determinant of memory is how well the retrieval process matches the original encoding process |
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| parallel distributed processing (PDP)models |
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Definition
| memory models in which new experiences change one's overall knowledge base |
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| multiple memory systems model |
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Definition
| model of memory suggesting that the brain contains several memory systems, each which reside in a diff area and each of which serves somewhat different purposes |
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Definition
| type of memory that holds large amounts of incoming information very briefly, but long enough to connect one impression to the next |
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Definition
| memory systems that hold incoming info long enough for it to be processed further |
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Definition
| focusing of mental resources on only part of the stimulus field |
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Definition
| maintenance component of working memory, holds unrehearsed info for a limited time |
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Definition
| part of memory that allows us to mentally work with, or manipulate, info being held in STM |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum no. of items a person may recall perfectly after one presentation of the items [7 +/- 2] |
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Definition
| stimuli that are percieved as one unit or as a meaningful grouping of information |
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| method for determining how long unrehearsed info remains in STM |
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| relatively long-lasting stage of memory whose capacity to store new info is believed to be unlimited |
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| characteristic of memory in which recall of the first two or three items in a list is particularly good |
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| characteristic of memory which recall is good for the last few items in a list |
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Definition
| stimulus that aids the recall or recognition of info stored in memory |
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| encoding speficity principle |
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Definition
| principle stating that the ability of a cue to aid retrieval depends on degree to which it taps into info that was encoded at the time of original learning |
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Definition
| memory that can be helped or hindered by similarities or differences between the context in which it is learned and the context in which it is recalled |
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| memory that is aided or impeded by a person's internal state |
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| principle that explains how info is retrieved in semantic network theories of memory |
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| mental representations of categories of objects, events, and people |
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Definition
| measuring forgetting by computing the difference between the number of repititions needed to learn and, after a delay, relearn the same material |
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Definition
| gradual disappearance of mental representation of a stimulus |
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Definition
| process through which either storage or retrieval of info is impaired by the presence of other info |
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| cause of forgetting in which new info placed in memory interferes with the ability to recall info already in memory |
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Definition
| cause of forgetting in which info already in LTM interferes with the ability to remember new info |
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Definition
| loss of memory for any event that occurs after a brain injury |
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| loss of memory for events prior to a brain injury |
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Definition
| strategies for placing info in an organized context in order to remember it |
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