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| the science of behavior & mental processes |
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Neuorscience
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| how the body & brain enable emotions, memories, & sensory experiences |
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Evolutionary
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| how the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes |
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Behavior genetics
(perspective) |
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| how much our genes & our environment influence our individual differences |
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Psychodynamic
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| how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts |
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| how we learn observable responses |
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| how we encode, process,store, & retrieve information |
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Social-cultural
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| how behavior & thinking vary across situations & cultures |
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| pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
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| scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
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| a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living & in achieving a greater well-being |
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| a branch that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
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| a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; sometimes provide medical treatment as well as psychological therpy |
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| medical doctors licesnsed to prescribe drugs |
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| assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavorial disorders |
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| an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events |
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| a testable prediction, often implied by a theory |
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| the perception of a relationship were none exists |
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| the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it (knew it all along) |
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| a statement of the procedures used to define research variables |
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| observing and recording behavior in natually occuring situations without trying to manipulate & control the situation |
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| an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles |
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| a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion |
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| Experimental & Control Group |
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| experimental results caused by expectations alone |
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| a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other |
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| a statistical index of the relationships between two things |
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| Why psychologists study animals |
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Definition
| arithmetic average of a distribution |
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Definition
| a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve distribution |
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Definition
| a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system |
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Definition
| the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
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Definition
| the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands |
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| a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon |
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Definition
| the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
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| Sensory, Motor, Interneurons |
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| a simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response |
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| Divisions of Nervous System |
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| two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion |
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| the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing |
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| the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the celebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information processing center |
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| an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements |
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| area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations |
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| controls maintenance functions such as eating; helps govern endocrine system; linked to emotion and reward |
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| the brain's ability to change especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience |
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| the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them |
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| the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein |
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| a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes |
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| threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes |
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| Evolutionary Psych. Vs. Behavorial Genetics |
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| "success" (according to evolution) |
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| among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations |
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| the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which definf male or female |
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| a set of expected behaviors for males and females |
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| the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role |
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| our sense of being male or female |
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| Influence of Testosterone |
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| the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied |
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| a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity |
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| Interaction of genes, environment |
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| Influence of Parents on Children |
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| Individualism vs. Collectivism |
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| a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers connecting them |
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