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| The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
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| The study of behavior and mental processes of animals other than human beings. |
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| The field of psychology that examines attention, consciousness, information processing, and memory. |
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| Concerned with how people become who they are relating to biological and environmetal factors. |
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| Cross-Cultural Psychology |
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| The study of culture's role in understanding behavior, thought, and emotion. And whether somes things are universal or culture specific. |
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| Watching, observing, creating a plan and procedure for making observations of participants or subjects. |
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| Principle, or body of principles or concepts used to explain a phenomenon. Can be used to make predictions about future experiments. |
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| The study of the physical processes that behind mental processes like vision and memory. |
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| Behavior Analysis/Behaviorism |
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| The study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants. |
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| The study of biological substrates underlying cognition. |
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| Deals with people's social interactions, relationships, social perceptions, social cognition and attitudes. And a group's influence on an individuals thinking and behavior. |
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| Clinical and counseling psychologists diagnose and treat people with psychological problems. |
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| The use of systematic methods to observe, describe, predict, and explain behavior. A way of think about and observing the universe that leads to a deep understanding of its workings. |
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1. Observing some phenomenon
2. Formulating hypotheses and predictions
3. Testing through empirical research
4. Drawing conclusions
5. Evaluating conclusions |
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| Correlations that arise because variables are related to a third variable. Causual link does not exist between two variables. |
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| The manipulated experimental factor but not always literally manipulated...the variable before the effects. |
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Extra, unwanted independent variable that was not intended to be studied.
ex.) soccer players running and taking vitamins...vitamins being the confound. coach doesn't know if improvement is from running or vitamins. |
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| The extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. |
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The mathematical procedures researchers have developed to describe and summarize sets of data in a meaningful way.
- central tendency (mean, median, mode)
- dispersion (range, variance, standard deviation) |
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| Distinguishing chance from significance. Calculates the probablility that results are due to chance. Reveal if differences between patterns are sue to chance. |
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| Studies the relationship between two variables and how they change together. Useful in directing future research. |
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| Assumption that variable A caused vaiable B, when really variable B may have caused variable A. |
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| A factor that can change in a experiment in response to changes in the independent variable |
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| An objective description of how a research variable is going to be measured and observed. |
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| Do the operational definitions accurately measure what is intended to be measured? |
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| Indicates that results are not likely sue to chance. p equal to or less than .05 |
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| Cells that compose the CNS. Specialized for processing information. Made of up dendrites, soma(cell body), and axon |
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| The part of neuron that carries information away from the cell body toward other cells. |
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| The brief wave of positive electrical charge that sweeps down the axon during the transmission of a nerve impulse. |
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| Has binding sites that neurotransmitters attach to. |
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| A drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effects. |
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| A drug that mimics or increases a neurotransmitter's effects. |
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| Inhibits neurons from firing. Low levels are linked to anxiety. Valium and other anti-anxiety drugs increase inhibiting effects. |
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| Helps control voluntary movement and affects sleep, mood, attention, and learning. Stimulant drugs activate receptors. Low levels associated with Parkinson's and Schizophrenia. |
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Substance released in body to reduce pain.
Analgesia - runner's high
drugs that affect: heroin, morphine, vicodine, naloxone |
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| Made up of the brain and spinal cord. |
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| Body sensation. Located toward top and rear of the head and is involved in registering spatial location, attention, and motor control. |
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| Responds to visual stimuli. |
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| Loosely connected network of structures including the amygdala (discrimination of objects and emotional awareness) and hippocampus (storage of memories) |
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| Consists of two rounded structures and plays important role in motor coordination. |
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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| Receive and orient information toward the cell body. |
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| Tiny junctions between neurons. The gap between neurons is the synaptic gap. |
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| Carries information across synaptic gap to the next neuron. |
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| Molecule of neurotransmitter being taken back into terminal button. |
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| A chemical compund in marijauna. |
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Stimulates the firing of neurons and is involved in the action of muscles, learning, and memory.
Muscular function: Botulinum toxin, curare(in poison darts)
Memory function: nicotine, rivastigmine(alzheimer's) |
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Involved in the regulation of mood and sleep.
low levels: depression, insomnia
drugs that affect: zoloft, prozac, ecstasy |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Network of nerves that connect the brain and sponal cord to other parts of the body.
Divided into Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems |
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| Control of voluntary muscles, intelligence, and personality. |
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| Involved in hearing, language processing, and memory. |
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| Lateralization of Function |
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| Left vs Right hemispheres |
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| Region that includes much of the hindbrain, excluding the cerebellum and the midbrain. |
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| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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