Term
|
Definition
| a field concerned with how communication happens within the brain and parts of the body and how behavior is influenced by it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organization of neurons, neurotransmitters, and brain structures that serves as the framework for moving information throughout the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parts of the body that detect heat, light, or touch and pass information about those stimuli on to the brain, triggering thoughts and/or causing behavioral responses to occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pathways for communication by sense receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take in information from body tissues and sense organs and transmit it to the spinal cord and brain- (also called afferent neurons) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| send information from brain to body tissues and sense organs (also called efferent neurons) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communicate with other neurons (also called association neurons) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of a neuron containing structures that help keep the cell alive and functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short, bushy fibers that take information in from outside the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relatively long fibers (sometimes several feet) that pass information along to other nerve cells, glands, or muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fatty tissue that surrounds the axon and accelerates transmission of information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an electrical impulse that travels down an axon and triggers activity in whatever neurons, muscles, or glands join up with than axon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrically charged atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the potential difference between two sides of the membrane of a nerve cell when the cell is not conducting and impulse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a period when neurons can pump out sodium ions and then fire again. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The junction where the end of one neuron meets the beginning of another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the gap between two neurons that meet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical molecules contained in vesicles which allow for communication between the synaptic gap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sacs within the axon terminal that contain neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the knoblike end of an axon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neurotransmitter than helps control arousal and sleep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs that mimic a particular neurotransmitter or make more of it available by blocking its reuptake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs that block a neurotransmitter’s receptor sites or inhibit its release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
|
Definition
| includes the sensory and motor neurons that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Part of the PNS that carries information from muscles, sense organs, and skin to the central nervous system, allowing the sensations of pressure, pain, temperature, ect., and carries information from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles, allowing for voluntary movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of the PNS that regulates the body’s internal environment, controlling the (generally involuntary) functioning of the glands, organs, and some muscles. |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| part of the autonomic system which prepares you for action. Ex- quickens heartbeat, slows digestion, raises level of sugar in blood, widens arteries, stimulates sweat glands |
|
|
Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| part of the autonomic system in operation during states of relaxation. It deactivates the systems mobilized by the sympathetic nervous system, including, decreasing the heart rate, breathing rate, and digestive functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groups of neurons that serve similar functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| begins where the spinal cord enters the skull and is, biologically, the brain’s oldest region. Controls breathing and heartbeat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sits on top of the brainstem and receives information about touch, taste, sight, and hearing (not smell), and sends it to the higher brain regions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runs through both these parts of the brain and is known mostly for its control of arousal and sleep, but it also filters incoming stimuli and sends information to other parts of the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is at the rear base of the brainstem and coordinates voluntarily movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sits between these older parts of the brain and the cerebral cortex and comprises several component structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of brain that processes memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| influences fear and anger. When damaged in one area, will produce violent rage. In another area, will produce placidity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| influences hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, ect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a master gland influencing the release of hormones from other glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical messengers that are produced in one kind of tissue, travel through the bloodstream, and then affect the functions of some other tissue, including the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constituted by hormones and glands that produce them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outer covering of the brain, primarily involved in motor, cognitive, and sensory processes. Two hemispheres (left and right), each divided into four regions with a variety of functions… |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| just behind forehead, play a part in coordinating movement and in higher level thinking such as planning and predicting the consequences of behaviors. Also involved in speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in Frontal Lobe, when damaged, people can usually understand speech but speak slowly with great difficultly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in frontal lobe, when damaged, people can speak, but will string together meaningless words |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at top of head, behind frontal lobes, involved in sense of touch and allow us to know what our hands and feet are doing and where they are. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at base of skull in back, involved in vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A period of time during which a cell cannot repeat a certain action or the time required for an excitable membrane to become ready for a second stimulus once it returns to its resting state after an excitation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The endocrine gland involved in regulation of metabolic rates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a gland organ that regulates sugar metabolism through the secretion of hormones such as glucagon and insulin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endocrine glands that secrete sex hormones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Regulate stress response through the production of corticosteroids and catecholamines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A controversy that addresses how much of behavior is due to inherited factors and how much to environmental influences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of heredity, the manner in which traits and characteristics are passed from parents to children. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each human cell (other than sex cells) contain __ pairs of chromosomes, strands of DNA that carry genetic information, genes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a genetic defect in which there is an extra 21st chromosome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This disorder can produce a type of developmental disability. Tests can detect this genetic problem at birth and certain dietary methods can be used to regulate the disorder.
It is a genetic disorder of metabolism; in this disorder, the presence of a particular gene inhibits the individual’s body from metabolizing the amino acid phenylalanine. |
|
|
