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Definition
| The group and individual differences that we see in our students |
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Definition
| The knowledge, attitudes, values, and customs that characterize a social group |
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| A person's ancestry and the way individuals identify with the nation from which they or their ancestors came |
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| a cultural clash that occurs when a child's home culture and the culture of the school create conflicting expectations for a student's behavior |
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| Cultures with beliefs, values, and behaviors that reject the values of mainstream culture |
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| The anxiety experienced by members of a group resulting from concern that their behavior might confirm a stereotype |
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Definition
| A variation of standard English that is associated with a particular regional or social group and is distinct in vocabulary, grammar, or pronunciation |
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Definition
| The belief that students' culture of ethnicity should not be a consideration in teaching |
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Definition
| The ability to switch back and forth between a dialect and standard English |
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Definition
| English Language programs that place ELLs in regular classrooms without additional assitance to help them learn both English and academic content at the same time |
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Definition
| A type of immersion program that attempts to assist ELLs by teaching both English and academic subjects at a slower pace |
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Definition
| Programs for English language learner students that build on students' native languages by teaching in both English and the native language |
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| Transitional ELL Programs |
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Definition
| English language learner programs that attempt to use the native language as an instructional aid unitl English becomes proficient |
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Term
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Definition
| Programs for ELLs who receive most of their instruction in regular classrooms but are also pulled out for extra help |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to teaching ELL students in academic classrooms that modifies instruction to assist students in learning content |
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| Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills |
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Definition
| A level of proficiency in English that allows students to interact conversationally with their peers |
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Term
| Academic Language Proficiency |
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Definition
| A level of proficiency in English that allows students to handle demanding learning tasks with abstract concepts |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to speak, read, and write in two languages |
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Definition
| Beliefs about appropriate characteristics and behaviors of the two sexes |
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Term
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Definition
| The combination of parents' income, occupation, and level of education that describes the relative standing in society of a family or individual |
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| How SES influences Learning |
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Definition
1. Basic needs and experiences
2. Parental involvement
3. Attitudes and values |
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Term
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Definition
| Learners in danger of failing to complete their education with the skills necessary to succeed in today's society |
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Term
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Definition
| A learner characteristic that, despite adversity, raises the likelihood of success in school and later life |
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Term
| Four School Practices that Promote Resilience |
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Definition
1. High and uncompromising standards
2. Strong personal bonds between teachers and students
3. High structure
4. Participation in after-school activities |
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Term
| Learners with exceptionalities |
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Definition
| Students who need special help and resources to reach their full potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Functional limitations or an inability to perform a certain act |
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Term
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Definition
| Abilities at the upper end of the continuum that require additional support to reach full potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Instruction designed to meet the unique needs of students with exceptionalities |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to acquire and use knowledge, solve problems and reason in the abstract, and adapt to new situations in the enviornment |
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Term
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Definition
| The flexible, culture-free mental ability to adapt to new situations |
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Term
| Crystallized Intelligence |
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Definition
| Culture-specific mental ability, heavily dependent on experience and schooling |
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Term
| Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences (the different intelligences) |
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Definition
1. Linguistic
2. Logical-Mathematical
3. Musical
4. Spatial
5. Bodily-Kinesthetic
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
8. Naturalist |
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Term
| Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence |
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Definition
1. analytical dimension
2. Creative or experimental dimension
3. practical or contextual dimension |
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Term
| Nature View of Intelligence |
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Definition
| The assertion that intelligence is essentially determined by genetics |
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Term
| Nurture View of Intelligence |
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Definition
| The assertion that emphasizes the influence of the enviornment on intelligence |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of placing students of similar abilities into groups and attempting to match instruction to the needs of these groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Placing students in different classes or curricula on the basis of achievement |
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Term
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Definition
| Homogeneous grouping in reading, combined with heterogeneous grouping in other areas |
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Definition
| Students' personal approaches to learning, problem solving, and processing information |
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Term
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Definition
| The practice of moving students with exceptionalities from segregated settings into general education classrooms |
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Term
| Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) |
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Definition
| A policy that places students in as typical an educational setting as possible while still meeting the students' special needs |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree to which a school environment accommodates the student's needs and the degree to which a student can meet the requirements of a particular school setting |
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Term
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Definition
| A comprehensive approach to educating students with exceptionalities that advocates a total, systematic, and coordinated web of services |
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Term
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Definition
| The guarantee of parents' rights to be involved in identifying and placing their children in special programs, to access school records, and to obtain an independent evaluation if they're not satisfied with the school's evaluation |
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Term
| Individualized Education Plan (IEP) |
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Definition
| An individually prescribed instructional plan devised by special education and general education teachers, resource professionals, and parents (and sometimes the student) |
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Term
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Definition
| A general malfunction of mental, physical, or psychological processes |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition imposed on a person's functioning that restricts the individual's abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| Language in which a student's disability is identified after the student is named |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficulty in acquiring and using reading, writing, reasoning, listening, or mathematical abilities |
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Term
| Discrepancy Model of Identification |
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Definition
| One method of identifying students with learning disabilities that focuses on differences between achievement and intelligence tests or subtests within either |
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Term
| Response to intervention model of identification |
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Definition
| A method of identifying a learning disability that focuses on the specific classroom instructional adaptations that teachers use and their success |
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Term
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) |
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Definition
| A learning problem characterized by difficulties in maintaining attention |
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Term
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Definition
| A disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A person's ability to perform the functions of everyday living |
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Term
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Definition
| Serious and persistent age-innappropriate behaviors that result in social conflict, personal unhappiness, and often school failure |
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Term
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Definition
| A description of a cluster of disorders characterized by alternative episodes of depressive and manic states |
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Term
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Definition
| A description of a cluster of disorders characterized by impaired social relationships and skills and often associated with highly unusual behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Exceptionalities that interfere with students' abilities to receive and understand information from others and express their own ideas |
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Term
| Speech Disorders (Expressive Disorders) |
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Definition
| Problems in forming and sequencing sounds |
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Term
| Language Disorders (receptive Disorders) |
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Definition
| Problems with understanding language or using language to express ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| An uncorrectable visual impairment that interferes with learning |
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Term
| Partial Hearing Impairment |
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Definition
| An impairment that allows a student to use a hearing aid and to hear well enough to be taught through auditory channels |
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Term
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Definition
| A hearing impairment that requires the use of other senses, usually sight, to communicate |
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Term
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Definition
| Programs for students who are gifted and talented that keep the curriculum the same but allow students to move through it more quickly |
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Term
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Definition
| Programs for students who are gifted and talented that provide alternate instruction |
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Term
| Curriculum-based Assessment |
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Definition
| Measurement of learners' performance in specific areas of the curriculum |
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