Term
| What Are The Three Major Functions of The Nervous System? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do Axons or Dendrites receive signals from the axon of other neurons and carry them to the cell body? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a neuron is at rest is the inside more positive or negative? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the all or none law that action potential follows? |
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Definition
| The neuron either fires at full strength or does not fire at all. |
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Term
| What is the Fatty Substance That Wraps Around Some Axons and What does it Do? |
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Definition
Myelin
Speeds Up Action Potentials |
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Term
| What Happens When An Action Potential Reaches The End Of An Axon? |
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Definition
A Neurotransmitter is released into the gap between neurons (synapse)
The dendrites of the neighboring neuron senses the neurotransmitters which then bind to the receptors
If the change is excitatory the second neuron is more likely to fire, if the change is inhibitory then it is not likely to fire |
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Term
| How does a neuron integrate neural signals from many neighboring neurons? |
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Definition
| It depends on the predominating signal between inhibitory and excitatory signals. |
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Term
| The Peripheral Nervous System Consists of What Two Major Divisions? |
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Definition
Somatic: Transmits information from senses to CNS to muscles (Voluntary)
Autonomic: Carries messages between CNS to organs (Involuntary) |
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Term
| What Part of The Brain Regulates Blood Pressure, Heart Beat, and Breathing? |
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Definition
| Hind Brain especially the Medula Oblongata |
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Term
| Is Coordinating movements the only function of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| No, it is also involved in memory and timing. |
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Term
| Where is the amygdala and what does it do? |
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Definition
| It plays important roles in regulating our emotion and is in the forebrain. |
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Term
| What is the Hippocampus and Where is It? |
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Definition
It helps us to build new memories
Is located in the forebrain
Fun Fact: 40% smaller in Alzheimer Patients |
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Term
| What are the three major functional areas of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
Sensory Cortex: sensory information
Motor Cortex: Voluntary movement
Association Cortex: Complex processing aka language |
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Term
| What information does the somatosensory cortex receive? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the brain feel / guide our body? |
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Definition
| Somatosensory and motor homunculus mirror each other. |
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Term
| What are the two areas related to language in the association cortex and what happens if they are damaged? |
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Definition
Broca’s Area: If damaged people cannot speak fluently and grammatically, but what they say still has meaning.
Wernicke’s Area: If damaged people can speak correctly and fluently. But what they say has no meaning. |
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Term
| What is the Lateral Dominance of The Brain? |
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Definition
The brain’s tendency for a brain’s hemisphere to excel at a particular function over the other hemisphere.
Left: Logic and Language
Right: Art and Creativity |
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Term
| When we experience stress what hormone helps you? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the sex hormones? |
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Definition
Women: Estrogen
Male: Androgen |
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Term
| How does the sensory system work? |
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Definition
Accessory Structure to modify energy
Receptors transduce energy into neural responses
Sensory nerves transfer coded activity to the central nervous system
Thalamus processes and relay neural responses
Cerebral Cortex receives input and produces the sensation |
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Term
| What Are the Physical and Psychological Properties of Sound? |
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Definition
Loudness: Determined by the amplitude of a sound wave
Pitch: Determined by the frequency of a sound wave
Timbre: Sound Quality |
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Term
| How is Sound Converted Into Neural Activities? |
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Definition
Transduction in the cochlea
Vibrations in hair cells on the basilar membrane change the membrane potential |
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Term
| What is Place Theory and Frequency Matching Theory (Volley)? |
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Definition
Place Theory: Different Hair Cells Respond to different frequencies (high frequency sound)
Frequency Matching Theory (Volley): Encoded by combined firing rate of the neurons (low frequency sound) |
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Term
| Where are Photoreceptors Located? |
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Definition
Cones are in the Fovea
Rods Are Around the Retina |
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Term
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Definition
Rods: Light sensitive but not color sensitive
Cones: Color sensitive and detail sensitive |
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Term
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Definition
| They receive information from photoreceptors and send the information to the brain. |
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Term
| What Are Our Theories For Seeing Color? |
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Definition
Trichromatic Theory:
Long Wavelength Red
Medium Wavelength Green
Short wavelength Blue
Opponent Process Theory
You have blue-yellow,red-green, and black white elements.
When one element is no longer stimulated the other element is stimulated. |
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Term
| Where in the text can you find the structures of smell and taste? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the text can you find neurotransmitters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two divisions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Makes Up the Central Nervous System? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
| sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Term
| What is another word for the somatic system? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Sympathetic Nervous system does what with energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Parasympathetic nervous system does what with energy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Memory and Movement
Alzheimer's Disease |
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Term
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Definition
Mood, sleep, learning
Depression |
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Term
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Definition
Mood, appetite, impulsivity
Depression |
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Term
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Definition
Movement, Reward
Parkinson's and Schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
Sleep, Movement
Anxiety, Epilepsy, Huntington's |
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Term
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Definition
Memory
Damage After Stroke |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates arousal and attention |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls fine movements and coordinate certain cognitive processes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Various nuclei in midbrain |
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Definition
| Relays sensory signals to forebrain; creates automatic responses to certain stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| Initiates smooth movements together with striatum |
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Term
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Definition
| Interprets and relays sensory information |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates hunger, thirst and sex drives |
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Term
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Definition
| Generates biological rhythms |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects sensation with emotions |
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Term
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Definition
| Is associated with pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Helps the two hemispheres communicate |
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Term
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Definition
| Receives information from skin about touch, pain, and temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls complex processes for understanding the world |
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