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| Principle of topographical organization |
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Definition
| Fact that somatosensory areas are organized like a map of the body, where more sensitive areas are given more space |
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| take precedence in controlling development |
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| fact that different parts of the brain control different behaviors |
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| in limbic system, responsible for control of rage/aggression, and processing of some memories |
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| stimulated by the neurotransmitter after it flows across synaptic cleft |
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| hormones that increase bone and muscle growth |
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| arm-like structure that extends from body of neuron and carries impulse to next neuron |
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| glands that secrete cortisol, leading to more energy; and epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase physiological arousal |
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| layers of membrane wrapping brain and spinal cord for protection |
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| located in the back of the frontal lobe, responsible for initiation of movements |
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| do not take presence when paired with a dominant |
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| brain + spinal cord. Receives and interprets information, and initiates responses |
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| chemical released at the end of an axon which flows across synaptic cleft to stimulate the next neuron |
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| located in limbic system, helps in homeostasis |
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| large band of nerve tracts connecting the 2 brain hemispheres; tends to be larger in women |
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| thin layer of neurons covering the hemispheres. "higher" mental functions such as thinking take place here. Has more neurons than any part of the brain |
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Definition
| small gap separating the end of an axon from the dendrites or body of the next neuron |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| carries information to and from the central nervous system |
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Definition
| located in temporal lobe; sounds are interpreted here |
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Definition
| movement of neurons to different parts of the brain during human development |
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| Located in limbic system, responsible for processing information for storage in long-term memory |
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| top part of brain; higher mental functions such as thinking take place here |
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| the fact that some neurons can take on the functions of other neurons that have died |
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| neuron in spinal cord; plays a role in reflexive responses |
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| strands of hereditary material in the cell body |
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| connects the CNS to the muscles and skin |
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| at back of cerebral hemisphere, responsible for vision |
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Definition
| Located at back of brain, responsible for coordination of motor movements, and where some simple learned responses are stored |
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Definition
| process by which a neurotransmitter is destroyed by other agents (enzymes) at the synapse |
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| sections of chromosomes that contain DNA |
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| Fluid that provides a cushion of protection for spinal cord and brain |
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Definition
| fluids secreted by glands which influence processes such as growth and arousal |
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| gaps in the myelin sheath that speed the transmission of the impulse along an axon |
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| Connects CNS to organs and glands in the body |
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| synthetically produced hormones containing adrenalin that increase arousal |
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Definition
| branch-like structures extending from a neuron to which other neurons make connections |
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| gland that secretes hormone which controls growth and metabolism |
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| top part of brain stem that connects the stem to the next layer and generates arousal, particularly during sleep |
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| part of autonomic division that increases arousal |
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| part of neuron that contains the genetic material that determines what role the neuron will play |
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Definition
| includes medulla, reticular activating system (ascending and descending), and pons |
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Definition
| gland that secretes a hormone aiding in getting glucose to cells |
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| lateralization of functions |
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Definition
| Fact that each hemisphere influences different aspects of behavior |
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| point at which one neuron stimulates the next neuron |
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| part of autonomic division that decreases arousal |
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| areas at front of parietal lobes in which feelings of touch and pain are interpreted |
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| disorder that involves inflammation of the meninges around brain or spinal cord |
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| neurotransmitter that plays a role in muscle activity, among other things. Low levels lead to Parkinson's disease |
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| caused by overly strong response of parasympathetic branch of autonomic divison |
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Definition
| neuron that makes a connection to a presynaptic neuron which when it fires causes the presynaptic neuron not to release its neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| layer of insulation covering the axons of some neurons |
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Definition
| gland releasing growth hormones and other hormones that cause other glands to release their hormones |
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Definition
| opening on the dendrite or body or a neuron into which a neurotransmitter flows |
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| reticular activation system |
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Definition
| bundle of axons extending down from the brain carrying information and doing limited information processing |
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Definition
| electrical impulse that travels down the axon |
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Definition
| set of 3 structures (hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala) that control homeostasis, mood, and memory. |
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Definition
| located in brain stem, produces neurological arousal and regulates basic functions such as breathing and heart rate |
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Definition
| immature cells which if properly stimulated can develop into any type of cell in the body |
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| responses processed in the spinal cord rather than in the brain |
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| founded first psychological laboratory |
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Definition
| understanding how experiences helped individuals adapt |
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| developed the psychodynamic perspective |
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| basic notion of the psychodynamic approach; behaviors are the result of... |
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Definition
| humans strive for self-fulfillment and are motivated by a basic goodness |
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| our actions are learned (conditioned) |
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| Looking at all the pieces to totally understand experience |
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| studied levels of bodily humors |
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| the degree to which scores are spread out around the mean |
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| Central & peripheral nervous systems |
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| 2 parts that make of the nervous system |
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