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| Stone Age humans carving holes thru the skull to release evil spirits. |
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| subjects asked to record accurately their cognitive reactions to simple stimuli |
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| the idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations. |
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| argued against dividing human thought and behavior into discrete structures. |
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| tried to examine a person's total experience because the way we experiece the world is more than just an accumulation of various perceptual experiences. |
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| a part of our mind over which we do not have conscious control that determines, in part, how we think and behave. |
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| the pushing down into the unconscious events and feelings that cause so much anxiety and tension that our conscious mind cannot deal with them. |
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| For psychology to be considered a science... |
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| it must limit itself to observable phenomena, not unobservable concepts like the unconscious mind. |
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| psychologists look at only behavior and causes of behavior |
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| environmental stimuli that either encourage or discourage certain responses. |
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| drawing from multiple perspectives |
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| Humanists (Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers) |
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| stressed individual choice and free will. believe that we choose most of our behaviors and these choices are guided by physiological, emotional, or spiritual needs. |
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| Deterministic Behaviorist |
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| theorized that all behaviors are cause by past conditioning |
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| psychoanalytic perspective |
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| believe that the unconscious mind controls much of our thought and action. Look for impulses or memories pushed into the unconscious mind thru repression. Examine unconscious mind thru dream analysis, word association, and other psychoanalytic therapy techniques. |
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| explain human thought and behavior strictly in terms of biological processes. Human cognition and reactions might be caused by effects of our genes, homrmones, and neurotransmitters in the brain or by a combination of all three. |
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| Evolutionary psychologists (sociobiologists) |
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| examine human thoughts and acitons in terms of natural selection. Some psychological traits might be advantageous for survival, and these traits would be passed down from the parents to the next generation. *similar in some ways to biopsychology perspective |
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| explain human thought and behavior in therms of conditioning. Look strictly at observable behaviors and what reaction organisms get in response to specific behaviors. |
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| examine human thought and behaviro in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmentla events. The rules that we use to view the world are important to understanding why we think and behave the way we do. |
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| Social-cultural psychology |
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| look at how our thoughts and behaviors vary from people living in other cultures. Emphasize the influence culture has on the way we think and act. |
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| the view that a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and b) science flourishes thru observation and experiment |
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| a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function--how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish |
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| the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors |
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| the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations |
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| the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon |
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| pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
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| scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
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| a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being |
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| a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
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| a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy |
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