Term
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Definition
devastating psychotic disorder that may involve characteristic disturbances in thinking (delusions) perception (hallucinations) speech, emotions, and behavior |
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Term
positive symptom of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
more overt symptom, such as a delusion or hallucination, displayed by some people with schizophrenia. |
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Term
negative symptom of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
less outgoing symptom, such as flat affect and or poverty of speech, displayed by some people with Schizophrenia. |
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Term
Paranoid type of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
type of schizophrenia in which symptoms primarily involve delusions and hallucinations; speech and motor and emotional behavior are relatively intact. |
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Term
Disorganized Type of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
type of schizophrenia featuring disrupted speech and behavior, disjointed delusions and hallucinations, and silly or flat affect |
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Term
Catatonic Type of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
type of schizophrenia in which motor disturbances (rigidity, agitation, and odd mannerisms) predominate |
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Term
Undifferentiated Type of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
category for individuals who meet the criteria for schizophrenia but not for one of the defined types |
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Term
Residual Type of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
diagnostic category for people who have experienced at least one episode of Schizophrenia and who no longer display its major symptoms but still show some bizarre thoughts or social withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
inability to initiate or persist in important activities. also known as apathy |
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Term
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Definition
deficiency in the amount or content of speech, a disturbance often seen in people with schizophrenia. |
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Term
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Definition
inability to experience pleasure, associated with some mood and schizophrenic disorders |
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Term
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Definition
apparently emotionless demeanor (including toneless speech and vacant gaze) when a reaction would be expected |
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Term
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Definition
style of talking often seen in people with schizophrenia, involving incoherence and a lack of typical logic patterns |
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Term
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Definition
emotional displays that are improper for the situation |
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Term
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Definition
disturbance of motor behavior in which the person remains motionless, sometimes in an awkward posture, for extended periods |
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Term
schizophreniform disorder |
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Definition
psychotic disorder involving the symptoms of Schizophrenia but lasting less than 6 months |
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Term
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Definition
psychotic disorder featuring symptoms of both schizophrenia and major mood disorder |
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Term
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Definition
psychotic disorder featuring a persistent belief contrary to reality (delusion) but no other symtoms of schizophrenia |
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Term
Prevalence of Schizophrenia
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Definition
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Term
Most common type of hallucination in Schizophrenia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the tendency to keep the body and limbs in the position they are put in by someone else |
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Term
What are some genetic influences of Schizophrenia? |
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Definition
- the severity of a parents' disorder influenced the likelihood the child would have Schizophrenia
- all forms of Schizophrenia seen in the families
- identical twins both always have Schizophrenia
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Term
| What is the age of onset for Schizophrenia in men and women? |
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Definition
| The onset for women is lower than for men until age 36, when the relative risk of onset switches, with more women than men being affected later in life. |
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Term
| What are brain abnormalities found in Schizophrenic patients? |
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Definition
1. the dopamine system is too active
2. result of excessive stimulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptors
3. deficiency in the stimulation of prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors
4. alterations in prefrontal activity |
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Term
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Definition
| hostility, criticism, and overinvolvement demonstrated by some families toward a family member with a psychological disorder. This can often contribute to the person's relapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| systematic removal of people with severe mental illness or mental retardation from institutions like psychiatric hospitals |
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Term
| How has the policy of deinstitutionalization has affected people with Schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| Many people with schizophrenia have become homeless. But more attention has been focused on these people. |
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Term
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Definition
| social learning behavior modification system in which individuals earn items they can exchange for desired rewards by displaying appropriate behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, and impulsiveness |
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Term
| How does ADHD develop as children grow into adulthood? |
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Definition
| Ongoing difficulties they have as children continue onto adulthood. Over time however, children with ADHD seem to be less impulsive, although inattention persits |
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Term
| The prevalence of ADHD is highest where? |
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Definition
| It is more common in families in which one person has the disorder. |
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Term
| Drugs that are used to treat ADHD |
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Definition
| Stimulants (Ritalin, Metadate, Concerta) or Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (Atomoxetine) |
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Term
| What type of psychosocial interventions are useful for ADHD? |
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Definition
| Cognitive behavioral intervention, reinforcement programs |
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Term
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Definition
| reading, mathematics, or written expression performance substantially below the level expected relative to the person's age, intelligence quotient score, and education |
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Term
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Definition
| pervasive developmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in social interactions and communication and restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activity |
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Term
| behaviors autistic kids have |
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Definition
| impairment in social interaction, impairment in communication, restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior such as unusual preoccupation that is abnormal |
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Term
| Prevalence of autism across cultures |
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Definition
| occurs in all cultures and races |
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Term
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Definition
| pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social relationships and restricted or unusual behaviors but without the language delays seen in autism |
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Term
| What types of interventions are there for autism? |
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Definition
-one generalization: there is no completely effective treatment
-Lovaas taught them basic behavioral procedures of discrimination training and shaping to teach nonspeaking children to imitate others verbally
-teaching of social skills
-medical treatment has not been proven to be effective, but some can be used to decrease agitation |
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Term
| When are autism interventions most affective according to Lovaas? |
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Definition
| in the early stages - early intervention is key |
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Term
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Definition
| significantly subaverage intellectual functioning paired with deficits in adaptive functioning such as self-care or occupational activities, appearing before age 18 |
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Term
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Definition
mild: 50 or 55 & 70
moderate: 35-40 to 50-55
severe: 20-25 up to 35-40
profound: 20-25 |
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Term
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Definition
| type of mental retardation caused by a chromosomal abberation (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic physical appearance. Sometimes known as trisomy 21 |
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Term
| What causes down syndrome? |
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Definition
| The presence of an extra 21st chromosome |
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Term
| What are the three categories of cognitive disorders? |
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Definition
| Delirium, amnesia, and amnestic disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid-onset reduced clarity of consciousness and cognition, with confusion, disorientation, and deficits in memory and language |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual-onset deterioration of brain functioning, involving memory loss, inability to recognize objects or faces, and problems in planning and abstract reasoning. These are associated with frustration and discouragement |
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Term
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Definition
| deterioration in the ability to transfer information from short to long term memory, in the absence of other dementia symptoms, as a result of head trauma or drug abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to recognize and name objects; may be a symptom of dementia or other brain disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| impairment or loss of language skills resulting from brain damage caused by stroke, Alzheimer's disease, or other illness or trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| progressive brain disorder involving loss of cognitive functioning, caused by blockage of blood flow to the brain, that appears concurrently with other neurobiological signs and symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| degenerative brain disorder principally affecting motor performance associated with reduction in dopamine. Dementia may be a result as well |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic disorder marked by involuntary limb movements and progressing to dimentia |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic disorder marked by involuntary limb movements and progressing to dimentia |
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Term
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
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Definition
| extremely rare condition that causes dimentia |
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Term
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Definition
| in genetics, genes that lead to nearly a 100% chance of developing the associated disorder. These are rare in population |
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Term
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Definition
| in genetics, genes that only slightly increase the risk of developing the disorder, but in contrast to the deterministic genes, these are more common in the population |
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Term
| What happened at the Tarasoff vs. Regents of University of California case? |
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Definition
| A kid named Prosenjit Poddar killed a girl named Tatiana Tarasoff because she refused his romantic advances. Prosenjit was seeing 2 therapists at the time. He hinted to a therapist he was going to kill Tatiana at his last therapy session. The therapist told the police but Prosenjit made it clear he wouldn't actually do it. But he did after weeks later, and after Tatiana didn't contact him back. |
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Term
| What was the result of the Tarasoff vs. Regents of the University of California case? |
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Definition
| After Tatiana Tarasoff's family found out about the therapist's role in the case, the family sued the universiy, the police and the therapists b/c they believed they should have warned Tarasoff she was in danger. The court agreed. This case has been used as a standard for therapists concerning their duty to warn a client's potential victims. |
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Term
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Definition
| mental health professional's responsibility to break confidentiality and notify the potential victim whom a client has specifically threatened |
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Term
| What is the percentage of homeless people that have been hospitalized due to homelessness? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| legal proceeding that determines a person is mentally disordered and may be hospitalized, even involuntarily |
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Term
| What conditions have to be met to be permitted commitment? |
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Definition
1) the person has a "mental illness" and is in need of treatment
2) the person is dangerous to self or others
3)the person is unable to care for him/herself, a situation considered a "grave disability" |
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Term
| Outcomes for people judged not guilty by reason of insanity? |
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Definition
| a person charged with a criminal offense should be found not guilty by reason of insanity if it's shown that he was unable to appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct at the time of his offense due to his mental disease |
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Term
| Outcomes for people charged with guilty but mentally ill? |
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Definition
| they end up going to a mental facility |
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Term
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Definition
| held the delusion that the English Tory party was persecuting him, and he set out to kill the British prime minister but killed the secretary instead thinking it was him. This lead to the M'Naghten rule |
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Term
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Definition
| English court decreed that people are not responsible for their criminal behavior if they do not know what they are doing or if they don't know what they are doing is wrong. This was the beginning of the insanity defense |
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Term
| What groups developed the American Law Institutue's criteria for the insanity defense? |
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Definition
| a group of attorneys, judges, and law scholars |
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Term
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Definition
| people are not responsible for their criminal behavior if, because of their mental illness, they cannot recognize the inappropriateness of their behavior or control it |
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Term
| What percentage is the insanity defense is used in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is required for a person to be judged competent to stand trial? |
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Definition
they must be able to understand the charges against them to assist their own defense
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Term
2 goals of deinstitutionalization |
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Definition
1. to close the large state mental hospitals
2. create a network of community mental health centers where released individuals could be treated |
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Term
transinstitutionalization |
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Definition
movement of people with severe mental illnesses from large psychiatric hospitals to nursing homes or other group residences, including jails and prisons, many of which provide only marginal services |
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Term
| shared psychotic disorder |
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Definition
| a psychotic disturbance in which individuals develop a delusion similar to that of a person with whom they share a close relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| developmental disorder characterized by the individual's consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations |
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Term
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Definition
| progressive nuerological developmental disorder featuring constant hand-wringing, mental retardation, and impaired motor skills |
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Term
| pervasive developmental disorder |
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Definition
| one of several wide-ranging, significant, and long-lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18 |
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Term
| childhood disintegrative disorder |
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Definition
| pervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2 to 4 year period of normal development |
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Term
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Definition
| the person could not distinguish between right and wrong at the time |
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Term
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Definition
| the person is not criminally responsible if the crime was the result of "mental disease or mental defect" |
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Term
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Definition
| the person is not responsible for the crime if he is not able to appreciate the wrongfulness of behavior caused by mental disease or defect |
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Term
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Definition
| a mental disorder could lesson a person's ability to understand criminal behavior and to form criminal intent |
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Term
| competence to stand trial |
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Definition
| the defendent does not go to trial because she is unable to understand the proceedings and assist in the defense |
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Term
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Definition
| one of my clients threatened his mother's life during his session today. Now I must decide whether I have a ____? |
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Term
| expert witness, malingering |
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Definition
| Dr. X testified in court that the defendent was faking and exaggerating symtoms to avade responsibility. Dr. X is acting as a ____ and the defendent is ____. |
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