Term
|
Definition
| Two or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Powerful determinant of our behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency for people to do better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The loosening of normal constraints on behavior when people can't be identified (i.e. when they are in a crowd) - increases obedience to group norms, makes people feel less accountable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Taught at College in Kanses for Sports Psychology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| race alone and try to break record |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Single person tries to break record, multi peddling in front and setting the pace. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Having others around you will help you improve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mere presence of others is greater than arousal; arousal facilitates dominant responses and hinder non-dominant responses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evaluation apprehension is greater than arousal (ex. Santa Barbara Jogging Study). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Audience is greater than distraction which is greater than conflict (Attending to a task or attending to people) which is greater than arousal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Tendency for people to relax when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated, such that they do worse on simple tasks but better on complex tasks. (Seen mostly in groups, in men, and in western cultures) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a kind of thinking in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner. |
|
|
Term
| Illusion of Invulnerability (Symptom of Group Think) |
|
Definition
| The group feels it is invincible and can do no wrong. |
|
|
Term
| Stereotyped Views of Out-Group (Symptom of Group Think) |
|
Definition
| Opposing sides are viewed in a simplistic, stereotyped manner. |
|
|
Term
| Self-Censorship (Symptom of Group Think) |
|
Definition
| People decide themselves not to voice contrary opinions (i.e. to not "Rock the Boat") |
|
|
Term
| Illusion of Unanimity (Symptom of Group Think) |
|
Definition
| An Illusion is created that everyone agrees (I.e. not calling on people who are known to disagree) |
|
|
Term
| Mind Guards (Symptom of Group Think) |
|
Definition
| Group members protect the leader from contrary viewpoints. |
|
|
Term
| Group Polarization Effect |
|
Definition
| Grew out of studies on risky shift. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Informational explanation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, have harmful effects on everyone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A means of encouraging cooperation by at first acting cooperatively but then responding the way your opponent did (cooperatively or competitively) on the previous trial. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Factors lead to increased cooperation (expect to interact in the future, tit-for-tat strategy, communication). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ex. Edney's Nuts Game (How do people act when they play this game?) |
|
|
Term
| Diffusion of Responsibility |
|
Definition
| The relationship between the size of the commons and personal responsibility. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A solution to a conflict whereby the parties make tradeoffs on issues according to their different interests; each side concedes the most on issues that are unimportant to itself but important to the other side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Hostile or negative attitude toward a distinguishable group of people, based solely on their membership in that group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because of his or her membership in that group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Generalization about a group of people in which certain traits are assigned to all members of the group regardless of variation among the members. |
|
|
Term
| Social Cognition Approach to Prejudice |
|
Definition
| by-product of normal thought processes, categorization (the starting place for Prejudice), distinctive stimuli, illusory correlations (link to stereotypes), act as heuristics and schemas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The perception that individuals in the Out-Group are more similar to each other than they really are, as well as more similar than the members of the In-Group. |
|
|
Term
| Ultimate Attribution Error |
|
Definition
| The tendency to make dispositional attributions about an entire group of people (Ex. The In-Group is us and the Out-Group is theme)(Like fundamental attribution error but applied to a group instead of an individual) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you know there's a negative stereotype that applies to you and you try to reject that stereotype, but instead it increases anxiety and ends up proving the stereotype. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The case whereby people have an expectation about what another person is like, which influences how they act toward that person, which causes that person to behave in a way that is consistent with people's original expectations. |
|
|
Term
| Realistic Conflict Theory |
|
Definition
| The idea that limited resources lead to conflict between groups and result in increased prejudice and discrimination. |
|
|
Term
| Displaced Aggression (i.e. Scapegoat) |
|
Definition
| Placing the blame on someone else. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What factors need to be in place for increased contact to work as a deterrent to prejudice (i.e. multiple contacts, equal status, common goal, norms favoring equality). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The situation that exists when two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to each of them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A classroom setting designed to reduce prejudice and raise self-esteem by placing them in small desegregated groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The finding that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study on Proximity, functional distance and friendship patterns in student housing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Familiarity breeds liking; the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more apt we are to like it. |
|
|
Term
| Hatfield's Computer Dance Study |
|
Definition
| On physical attractiveness; computer composites of faces, the average is "beautiful." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendency to like those who agree with us, the ratio of agreement to disagreement is important. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The idea that people are attracted to those who are strong where we are weak. |
|
|
Term
| Evolutionary View of Attractiveness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Physical Attractiveness Stereotype |
|
Definition
| What is beautiful is good. |
|
|
Term
| Reward Theory of Attraction |
|
Definition
| We like those we associate pleasant or pleasurable feelings on. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Feeling that what is, is just. Both parties benefit equally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Both parties, the over-benefited and the under-benefited, will feel discomfort due to an unjust benefits or lack of benefits. The under-benefited will feel worse. |
|
|
