Term
|
Definition
| A system that relates sounds(or gestures) to meaning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the sounds of language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of words and their meanings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the rules used to describe the structure of a language. The most important element of grammar is syntax, rules that specify how words are combined to form sentences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of how people use language to communicate effectively. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the basic building blocks of language, unique sounds that can be joined to create words. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adults speak slowly with exaggerated changes in pitch and loudness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pattern of rising or falling pitch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 18 months of age -- learn several more words, more rapidly than before |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| children's ability to connect new words to their meanings so rapidly that they can't be considering all possible meanings for the new word. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defining a word too narrowly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defining a word too broadly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to remember speech sounds briefly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vocabularies mainly consist of words that name objects, persons, or actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vocabularies include some names but also many social phrases that are used like a single word (ex. go away) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| words directly relevant to meaning (ex. mommy go, daddy bike) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Words or endings of words that make a sentence grammatical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| applying rules to words that are exceptions to the rule |
|
|
Term
| Semantic Bootstrapping Theory |
|
Definition
| Children are born knowing that nouns usually refer to people or objects and that verbs are actions; they use this knowledge to infer grammatical rules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are experienced by people worldwide, and each consist of three elements: a subjective feeling, a psychological change, and an over behavior |
|
|
Term
| Systematic Desensitization |
|
Definition
| a technique that associates deep relaxation with progressively more anxiety provoking situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infants in an unfamiliar or ambiguous environment often look at their mother or father, as if searching for cues to help them interpret the situation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the extent to which a child is generally happy, active, vocal and regularly seeks interesting stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the extent to which a child is angry, fearful, frustrated, shy and not easily soothed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the extent to which a child can focus attention, is not readily distracted, and can inhibit responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Many human behaviors represent successful adaptation to the environment |
|
|
Term
| Basic Emotions of 2-3 months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basic Emotions of 4-6 months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basic Emotions of 6+ months |
|
Definition
| Fear, everything else including stronger anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the baby may or may not cry when the mother leaves, but when she returns, the baby wants to be with her and if the baby is crying it then stops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the baby is not visibly upset when the mother leaves and may ignore her by looking or turning away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the baby is upset when the mother leaves and remains upset or even angry when she returns and is difficult to console |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Baby seems confused when the mother leaves and when she returns the baby seems not to really understand what's happening. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of expectations about parents' availability and responsiveness, generally in times of stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describe child experiences objectively and value the impact of their parent-child relationship on their development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sometimes deny the value of childhood experiences and sometimes are unable to recall those experiences precisely, yet they often idealize their parents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describe childhood experiences emotionally and often express anger or confusion regarding relationships with their parents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Self-Absorption that marks the teenage search for identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The feeling of being an actor, the feeling of being watch constantly by peers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adolescent belief that their experiences and feelings are unique that no one has ever felt the way they do. |
|
|
Term
| Illusion of Invulnerability |
|
Definition
| The belief that misfortune only happens to others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individuals in this status are confused or overwhelmed by the task of achieving an identity an are doing little to achieve one. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individuals in this status have an identity determined largely by adults, rather than from personal exploration of alternatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individuals in this status are still examining different alternatives and have yet to find satisfactory identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Explored alternatives have deliberately chosen a specific identity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals further limit their career possibilities by learning more about specific lines of work and starting to obtain the training required for a specific job. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individuals enter the workforce and learn firsthand about jobs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they feel they are a part of their ethnic group and learn the special customs and traditions of their group's culture and heritage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "He thinks that she thinks" (the act or process of returning) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for most children, many adolescents, and some adults moral reasion is controlled almost solely by obedience to author and by rewards and punishments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for most adolescents and most adults, moral decision making is based on social norms -- what is expected by others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for some adults, typically those older than 25, moral decisions are based on person and more principles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Choices concerning ones body and choices of friends or activities |
|
|
Term
| Situational Influences/Socializing Prosocial Behavior |
|
Definition
| Feelings of Responsibility, Feelings of Competence, Mood, Cost of Altruism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disciplinary actions, Warm and supportive(or hard and threatening), Opportunity to have sociality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Boys have over protective mothers and girls have mothers who are controlling and unresponsive |
|
|
Term
| Factors that Influence Aggression |
|
Definition
| Failure in School, Poverty, Cognitive processes (ability to interpret intentions of others), biological contributions. |
|
|
