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| concerned with the process of change and what is decided upon to stimulate change. |
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| distributes matched groups of people to different treatments |
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| if measures are taking at one time |
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| where the groups are tested at two or more time-points |
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| a group that will enable us to discover whether the treatment(s) shows a different effect from no treatment. (usually not treated or treated with placebo) |
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| a control treatment that appears similar to the treatment but is actually inert |
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| a detailed descriptive account of an individual, group or collective |
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| the interval around the mean of a sample that one can state with a known probability that contains the mean of a population |
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| cross-over or within-participants design |
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| used when the same people provide measures at more than one time and differences between the measures at the different times are recorded |
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| an uncontrolled and possibly unknown variable or factor causing a misleading finding in a study |
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| Obtain responses form respondents on one occasion only. |
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| any data collection method in which the data are linked to the passage of time |
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| directly observing behavior in a relevant setting |
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| a set of procedures for analyzing language as used in speech or texts |
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| the strength of the association between study variables and our come as measured by an observed difference or correlation |
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| seek to build a systematic understanding of a culture from the viewpoint of the inside |
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| comprised of one or more group discussions in which participants "focus" collectively upon a topic or issue |
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| a term to describe a set of guidelines for conducting qualitative data analysis |
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| interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) |
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| a technique for analyzing qualitative data which seeks the meaning of experience |
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| the intentional and systematic manipulation of variables with the aim of improving health outcomes |
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| interviews (semi-structured) |
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| open ended and allows the interviewee scope to address the issues which he/she feels to be relevant to the topics being raised by the investigator |
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| a prepared, standard set of questions that are asked in person, or perhaps by telephone, of a person or group concerning a particular research issue |
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| the use of statistical techniques to combine the results of primary studies addressing the same question into a single pooled measure of effect size, with a confidence interval |
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| set of theories derived from hermeneutic phenomenology that argue that our interpretation of the changing world is organized in narrative form |
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| used to describe research carried out to evaluate the effect of an intervention or treatment which does not have the advantages of a control group |
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| compare the probability of a certain event in two groups |
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| a standard set of items with accompanying instructions |
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| randomized controlled trials (rct) |
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| the systematic comparison of interventions using a fully controlled application of one or ore treatments with a random allocation of participants to the different treatment groups |
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| quasi-experimental design |
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Definition
| comparison of two or more treatments in as controlled a manner as possible but without the possibility of manipulating an independent variable or randomly allocating participants |
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| the degree to which the results of a study can be attributed to the manipulations of the researchers and are likely to be free of bias |
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Definition
| systematic methods for determining how a sample of participants respond to a set of standard questions attempting to assess their feelings, attitudes, beliefs or knowledge at one or more times. |
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| review of the empirical literature concerning the efficacy or effectiveness of an intervention that considers all of the relevant studies taking account of quality criteria |
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