Overweight

Obesity

Genetic factors, Biological factors, Food Preferences, Habits, Psychological factors, Social & cultural factors, Environmental Factors

     Better overall health, including less asthma, Less obesity, Appreciation of cooperation and fair play, Improved problem-solving ability, Respect for teammates and opponents of many ethnicities and nationalities

Instruction as essential, Children are "apprentices in learning”, ZPD - social interaction/people are essential, Language is integral as a mediator

Sensory memory (Also called the sensory register.) Working memory- (Also called short-term memory.) Long-term memory

remember stereotype threat -  if older people suspect their memories are fading, anxiety itself impairs memory – research suggests that some aspects of memory remain strong throughout late adulthood (like semantic memory), but memory for events (episodic memory) declines. Working memory declines. 

various methods used to regulate the analysis and flow of information – memory and retrieval strategies, selective attention, and strategies for problem solving – Elderly tend to stick with preconceived knowledge because of this

the capacity of an individual to understand the world about him and his resourcefulness to cope with its challenges

that the average IQ steadily increasing last 50 years

a person is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive and thus has great difficulty concentrating for more than a few moments. (Inattention, hyperactive, impulsive)

Language/communication impairments. Repetitive activities and stereotyped movements. Resistance to environmental change or change in daily routine 

Impact of divorce similar for boys and girls. Divorce most harmful during childhood and adolescent years compared with the preschool or college years .As divorce became more common (i.e. during the 1980’s) the consequences associated with divorce became smaller

The ability to understand social interactions, including the causes and consequences of human behavior. 

(Children with impaired social cognition are likely to be rejected)

School-age children value personal friendship more than peer acceptance.

Older Children demand more of their friends, Change friends less often, Become more upset when a friendship ends, Find it harder to make new friends, Seek friends who share their interests and values

Receives mostly POSITIVE votes, Are usually attractive, Do good in school, Good social skills = helpful, friendly, considerate of others, cheerful and sociable

Receive mostly NEGATIVE votes, Are often aggressive, are disruptive in school, Lack social skills, Describe themselves as lonely

Receives BOTH positive and negative votes, Are highly talkative and socially active, Display high levels of desirable and undesirable behavior, Have a good sense of humor, Are disruptive and hot-tempered

Receive NEITHER positive or negative votes, Are shy and withdrawn, Spend more time in solitary play and schoolwork, Do not describe themselves as lonely

Bullying: Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person.

Bully-victim: Someone who attacks others and who is attacked as well

The whole school must be involved, not just the identified bullies. Intervention is more effective in the earlier grades. Evaluation of results is critical.

Boys participate in direct bullying (Intimidation, extortion, physical or verbal attacks) and use boys & girls as targets whereas Girls participate in indirect bullying (Social exclusion, manipulation of relationships, spreading rumors, setting a victim up to look stupid) and use girls as targets

Preconventional moral reasoning: Emphasizes rewards and punishments.

 Conventional moral reasoning: Emphasizes social rules.

Postconventional moral reasoning: Emphasizing moral principles.

Alcohol, Tobacco, Mortality rates, Forethought, Risk taking

Postformal Thought

ability to relate to another person on the deepest levels, ability to do so in a reciprocal way, intimacy leads to commitment, commitment leads to solidarity

solid affiliation with one another—a true partnership

Oral Stage (putting things in mouth)

Anal Stage (toilet training, etc)

Phallic Stage (obsessed with sexual organs and opposite sex parent)

Latency Period (Sexual energy put into other activities)

Genital Stage (heterosexual relationships)

Sensorimotor: Motor and reflex actions

Preoperational: Use symbols to represent objects/language

Concrete: logical and abstract thinking

Formal Operational: Hypothetical and deductive reasoning

Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy – first year)

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (Infancy – 1 – 3 years)

Initiative vs Guilt (Early Childhood – 3 – 6 years)

Industry vs Inferiority (Middle childhood – 6 – 11 years)

Identity vs Identity Confusion (Adolescence – 10 – 20 years)

Intimacy vs Isolation (Early Adulthood – 20s, 30s)

Generativity vs Stagnation (Middle Adulthood – 40s, 50s)

Integrity vs Despair (Late Adulthood – 60s – onward)

Preconventional: Obedience, punishment and self-interest orientation

Conventional:  social norms, conformity, law and order morality

Postconventional: social contract orientation, universal ethical principles

Peripheral vision narrows faster than frontal vision

Changes in vividness of color vision

Changes with near and farsightedness

Expertise is intuitive

Expertise is automatic

Expertise is strategic

Expertise is flexible

Changes in vision (aging)

most older adults lose some ability to taste and/or smell, and Lower versus upper extremities differences. Less pain sensitivity with age

tendency for elderly people to perceive, prefer, and remember positive images and experiences more than negative ones

Each of us develop

                                    Party like all other individuals

                                    Party like some animals

                                    Party like no other individuals

Every trait—psychological as well as physical—is influenced

                        by genes.

Various systems interact to affect developmental outcomes. Epigenetics refers to environmental factors that may impact gene expression. 

3 copies of chromosome 21, slow to develop language, accelerated aging

Unusually short, underdeveloped female organs, infertile, Slow to develop, Problems in spatial understanding

Zygote undergoes rapid cell division & beginning of cell differentiation

Inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-regulation

A similarity of temperament and values between child and caregiver

Stability of care important for infants and toddlers

Quality related to language and cognitive development, peer relations, social competence, exploratory behaviors

Parental Styles

A  child plays alone, unaware of any other children playing nearby