Acetycholine (ACh)

It is released by motor neurons controling the skeletal muscles. it also contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal, and memory; also, some ACh receptors stimulated by nicotine.

Disorders associated with:

alzheimer's Disease

Amygdala

part of the limbic system involved in emotions and agression

Dopamine (DA)

Contributes to the control of voluntary muvements. Also, dopamine circuits in medial forebrain bundle characterized as "reward pathways"

dissorders associated with:

Parkinsonism, schizophrenic disorder, and addictive disorder

Hippocampus

Part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory. 

Hypothalamus

Responsible for regulating basic biological needs: Hunger, thirst, temperature control

Medulla

Responsible for regulating largely unconscious functions such as breathing, and circulation.

Pituitary Gland

"Master Gland" that regulates other endocrine glands.

Pons

Involved in sleep and arousal

arousal:to stir to action or strong response; excite: to arouse acrowd; to arouse suspicion.

Spinal Cord

responsible for transmitting information between brain and the rest of the body; handles simple reflexes.

Central Brain System

Hindbrain

Function.

Its functions collectively to co-ordinate motor activity, posture, equilibrium and sleep patterns and regulate unconscious but essential functions, such as breathing and blood circulation.

Central Brain System

Midbrain

Function

Its substantia nigra is closely associated with motor system pathways of the basal ganglia.

Central Nervous System

Forebrain

Function

It functions to control cognitive, sensory and motor function, and regulate temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping and the display of emotions.

It is the awareness of internal and external stimuli.

Electroencephalograph

(EEG)

Device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain avor time by means of recording electrodes atteched to the surface of the scalp.

Biologycal Rythms

Periodic fluctuations in psychologycal functioning.

Circadian Rythms

They are the 24-hour biological cycles found in human and many other species

EGG

patterns

• Beta(β)
• Alpha(α)
• Theta(θ)
• Delta(Δ)

Frecuency

(cps)

β= 13-24 cps→Normal waking thoughts, alert problem solving

α=8-12cps→Deepelaxation, blank mind, meditation

θ= 4-7 cps→light sleep

Δ= 4↓cps→deep sleep

Suprachiamatic nucleus

small structure in the hypothalamus to which is sent inputs when the retina is exposed to light.

Electomyograph

(EMG)

It is the machine that records muscular activity and tension.

Electrooculograph

(EOG)

machine that records the eye movement

Electrocardiograph

(EKG)

Records the contraction of the heart

Slow-wave sleep

Consists of sleep stages 3 & 4 during which low frecuecy delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings

Sleep spindle

a burst of brain activity visible on an EEG stage 2 sleep . It consists of 12-14 Hz waves that occur for at least 0.5 seconds. that occurs during

Hypnosis

systematic procedure that increases suggestibility

Hypnotic susceptibility

individual difference

Effects prodeced though Hypnosis

• Anestesia
• sensory distorsions ans hallucination
• disinhibition
• posthypnotic suggestion

meditation

practices that train attention to heigten aeareness and vring mental processes inde greater voluntary control

Beta(β) waves

normal waking thought. Alert problem solving

Alpha(α) Waves

Deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation

theta(θ)Waves

light sleep

Delta(Δ) Waves

Deep Sleep