Term
| What is empirical evidence? |
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Definition
| info gained from direct observation |
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Term
| What are the four goals of psychology? |
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Definition
| description, prediction, control, and understanding |
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Term
| What do developmental psychologists study? |
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Definition
| the course of human development and growth |
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Term
| What do personality therapists study? |
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Definition
| personality traits, motivation, and differences |
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Term
| Who is the father of psychology? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three major perspectives for psychology? |
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Definition
1. biological (internal and evolutionary affect on behavior)
2. psychological (approaches to help people lead happier lives)
3. sociocultural (culture affects behavior) |
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Term
| What are the steps of the scientific method? |
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Definition
1. Observe behavior
2. define problem
3. propose hypothesis
4. Conduct research
5. Publish results
6. Formulate theory |
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Term
| What are the five methods of conducting research? |
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Definition
1. naturalistic observation
2. survey method
3. correlational method
4. clinical method
5. experimental method |
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Term
| What does psychodynamics emphasize? |
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Definition
| internal motives and unconsious forces |
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Term
| A psychologist who uses a variety of perspectives is considered... |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| studies focused on human experiences |
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Term
|
Definition
| rules that define acceptable and unacceptable behavior in society |
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Term
| What is naturalistic observation? |
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Definition
| the study of humans/animals in natural settings |
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Term
|
Definition
| ask questions about thoughts/attitudes |
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Term
| What is the difference between an experiment and a correlation? |
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Definition
| Experiment is in a controlled environment and is best established for cause and effect. Correlation is simply looking for relationships between events |
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Term
| what is the most accurate definition of psychology? |
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Definition
| the science of behavior and mental processes |
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Term
Which is the weakest correlation?
a. +.13
b. -.46
c. +.76
d. -.95 |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the coefficient of correlation? |
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Definition
| the strength and direction of a relationship between two observed events |
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Term
| How does positive and negative correlation work? |
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Definition
| the closer a number is to zero, the weaker the correlation. The closer it is to +1, it's a perfect positive correlation. The closer it is to -1, it is a perfect negative correlation |
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Term
| What is a single-blind experiment? |
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Definition
| an arrangement where the subjects are unaware they are part of the experimental group or control group |
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Term
| What is a double-blind experiment? |
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Definition
| an arrangement where the subjects and experimenters are unaware of whether subjects are part of control group or experimental group |
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Term
| What is the placebo effect? |
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Definition
| changes in behavior caused by belief that one has taken a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| an in-depth focus on a single subject |
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Term
| What is ethnic (cultural) relativity? |
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Definition
| the idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture |
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Term
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Definition
| placing ones own racial group in center and rejecting other groups |
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Term
|
Definition
| thought that is self-centered and blocks out other views |
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Term
who would be most interested in the growth of children?
a. learning theorist
b.comparative psychologist
c. personality theorist
d. developmental psychologist |
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Definition
| d. developmental psychologist |
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Term
| What kind of relationship do experiments tend to establish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is pseudopsychology? |
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Definition
| any false or unscientific system of beliefs |
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Term
| What are the four schools of thought? |
|
Definition
1. structuralism
2. behaviorism
3. functionalism
4. Gestalt |
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Term
|
Definition
| the school of thought concerned with analyzing sensations and personal experience |
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Term
|
Definition
| school of thought that emphasizes the study of behavior |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a school of thought concerned with how behavior and mental ability help adaption to environment |
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Term
| What is Gestalt psychology? |
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Definition
| a school of psychology that emphasizes the study of learning, thinking and perception in whole units |
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Term
| Which two schools of thought have contemporarily vanished? |
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Definition
| structuralism, functionalism |
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Term
| what is the anthropomorphic error? |
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Definition
| the error of attributing human reactions and thoughts to animals |
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Term
| What are observer bias and observer effect problems of using? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the clinical method? |
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Definition
| review natural events that have affected individuals or groups |
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Term
| What is Altered States of Conciousness (ASC)? |
|
Definition
| a condition of awareness different from waking consiousness |
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|
Term
| What is waking consiousness? |
|
Definition
| a state of clear, organized, alertness |
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Term
| What does the electroencephalograph (EEC) do? |
|
Definition
| a device designed to detect, amplify, and record electrical activity in brain |
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Term
| What are the small, fast brain waves? the slow, larger waves? |
|
Definition
fast--beta waves
slow--alpha waves |
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Term
| What are the four stages of sleep? |
|
Definition
STAGE 1--light sleep (trigger a muscle twitch)
STAGE 2--sleep deepens (EEG includes sleep spindles)
STAGE 3-deeper sleep (Delta brain wave appears)
STAGE 4-Deep sleep (pure delta waves and state of oblivion) |
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Term
|
Definition
| rapid eye movements associated with dreaming |
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Term
| When do sleepwalking and sleeptalking occur? |
|
Definition
| NREM sleep (REM-most are immobile) |
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|
Term
| What is the activation-synthesis hypothesis? |
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Definition
| brain is active, will take extra from the day and conduct a dream from that |
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Term
|
Definition
| a drug that increases activity in the body and the nervous system |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance that decreases activity in body and nervous system |
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|
Term
| What term is used to determine our personal awareness of feelings, sensations and thoughts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sleep periods where a persons eyes move rapidly |
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|
Term
Which drug is a depressant?
a. cocaine
b. alocohol
c. LSD
d. caffeine |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Physical exhertion during the day may result in spending more time in what kind of sleep? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| a _________ is a brief shift in brain activity to the pattern normally recorded in sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a brief shift in brain patterns to those of sleep |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive daytime sleepiness |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep and frequent awakenings. |
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|
Term
| Sleep deprivation can be fixed how? |
|
Definition
| with one good nights sleep |
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|
Term
| When does the Hypnic jerk usually occur (sleeping stage)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interrupted breathing while sleeping |
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|
Term
| What is concentrative meditation? |
|
Definition
| focusing on a single object |
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|
Term
| What is a psychological dependance? |
|
Definition
| drug dependance based on physcial or emotional needs |
|
|
Term
| what is physical dependance? |
|
Definition
| physical addiction indicated by drug presence and withdrawal symptoms |
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Term
| If someone tells you they had a dream which they knew they were dreaming, what is that referred to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a manifest dream? |
|
Definition
| the surface, visible memories of the dream |
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|
Term
| what is duplicity of mind? |
|
Definition
| one part of mind doing a task, one part somewhere else. |
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|
Term
| how long is a sleep cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inert substance/ a fake drug meant to rule out suggestion |
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|
Term
| What are some sedatives? (downers)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some stimulants (uppers)? |
|
Definition
| cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, anti-depression meds |
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|
Term
| What is the order of Maslow's triangle, from the bottom up. |
|
Definition
1. Physiological
2. safety
3. Love/belonging
4. esteem
5. self-actualization |
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|
Term
| What are the three deficieny needs of Maslow's triangle? |
|
Definition
1. Physiological
2. safety
3. love/belonging |
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|
Term
| What are the two Being Needs of Maslow's triangle? |
|
Definition
1. Esteem
2. Self-actualization |
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|
Term
| What are the two motives Freud says we have in life? |
|
Definition
1. Sex (sensational)
2. aggression |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a man/woman who can express masculinity and feminity at same time |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a critical thinking process |
|
|
Term
| what is dissonance thinking? |
|
Definition
| thinking that clashes/contradicts with your own thoughts |
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Term
| What is the Hypothalamus of LH and VMH? |
|
Definition
| LH is "go" factor and VMH is "stop" factor of brain |
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|
Term
| What are the three types of motivation? |
|
Definition
1. primary motives (monitered by brain/based on survival/hunger, thirst)
2. Stimulus Motives (neccessary, but not required/ manipulation, stimulation, ect)
3. Secondary Motives (learned motives, such as music, art, writing, ect) |
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|
Term
| Where does most control of eating come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the correct sequence of a model of motivation? |
|
Definition
| need-drive-response-goals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the body's optimal level of fuctioning- it's 'steady state' |
|
|
Term
| What are cicadian rhythms? |
|
Definition
| a cycle of changes your body undergoes every 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| what is the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
| A small area of the brain that regulates motivation and emotion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learned motives from growing up in a particular society |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation? |
|
Definition
intrinsic is motivation that comes from personal rewards, or self-enjoyment of a task
extrinsic-- motivation based on obviouse external rewards and obligations |
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