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Psychology 101 Ch. 15
Professor Webster's Class
76
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/04/2012

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Cards

Term
Describe Compliance
Definition
Following the request of someone with little or not authority
Term
Describe the Foot-in-the-door effect
Definition
Person saying yes to bigger request after doing smaller request
Term
Describe the Door-in-the-face effect
Definition
Saying yes to small request after saying no to big request
Term
Describe the Low-ball Technique
Definition
Getting a person to comply then making terms less desirable
Term
Describe obedience
Definition
Following request of someone with power/authority
Term
Describe Coerced
Definition
Being forced to change your beliefs and behaviors against your will
Term

Describe Brainwashing

describe procedure

Definition

manipulating target's beliefs

make target feel helpless

target will abandon beliefs

Term

Describe why people join a cult?

describe the 3 steps to getting people

Definition

People join because of leader's personality, not preached message

1. Recruitment

2. Conversion

3. Implications

Term
Describe Self-Assertion
Definition

Standing up for your rights to refuse, request, and to right a wrong

good thing

Term
Describe Attitude
Definition

Mix of beliefs and emotions

causes person to respond in negative or positive way

Term
What does an Attitude summarize?
Definition
evaluation of objects
Term
What are the three components to Attitude?
Definition

1. Belief

2. Emotional

3. Action

Term
Describe Persuasion
Definition
Attempt to change attitude by using info and arguments (not brainwashing)
Term
What does the success or failure of persuasion depend on?
Definition
Communicator, Message, and audience
Term
Describe Cognitive Disonance
Definition
Thoughts clash with actions, causing discomfort
Term
Describe Prejudice
Definition
Negative, emotional attitude toward members of a specific social group
Term
Describe Discrimination
Definition
unequal treating of people who deserve equal treatment
Term

How do Prejudice develop?

What is Displaced Aggression?

Definition

They develop as scapegoats

Frustration triggered by hostility

Term
Describe Personal Prejudice
Definition
members of an ethnic group don't like another group
Term
Describe Group Prejudice
Definition
Person conforms to a groups norms
Term
Describe Authoritarian Personality
Definition

Places one's ethnic group in the center

desires power, obedience, and authority

Term
Describe Social Stereotypes
Definition
Oversimplified images of people
Term
Describe Symbolic Prejudice
Definition
prejudice disguised by using it subtly
Term
Describe a Stereotype Threat
Definition
Performance-lowering anxiety when people feel they are being judged in terms of stereotypes.
Term
Describe Superordinate Goal
Definition
More important goal that brings people together
Term
Describe Aggression
Definition
Any action carried out with the intention of harming another person
Term
Describe the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Definition
Frustration leads to aggression
Term

Describe Aversive Stimuli

What does it heighten?

Definition

Produces discomfort

heightens aggression

Term
Describe Social Learning Theory
Definition
Aggression is learned by watching
Term
What two things does watching violence do?
Definition

1. Disinhibition: removal of limitations

2. Desensitization to violent acts

Term
What are the five causes of interpersonal attraction?
Definition

1. Proximity

2. Attractiveness

3. Competence

4. Similarity

5. Self-disclosure

Term
Describe Romantic Love
Definition

strong interpersonal attraction

heighed arousal

mutual absorption

sexual desire

Term
Three components of affection
Definition

1. Intimacy: feelings of connectedness

2. Passion: emotional/sexual feelings

3. Committment: trying to stay in a long-term relationship with someone

Term
Describe Consumate love
Definition
involves intimacy, passion, and committment
Term
What are the three stages of falling in love?
Definition

1. Lust

2. Attraction

3. Attachment

Term

Describe the first stage of falling in love

how long does it last?

Definition

Lust: (immediate to a few months)

 

Term

What happens when you break up?

What regions of the brain activate?

Definition

reward center increases!

desire for somebody returns

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex

Term
What is common for people that rapidly fall in love?
Definition
divorce
Term
What are big predictors of break ups?
Definition
sex, emotions, economic status
Term

What are the three big characteristics for a good relationship?

what kind of people have good relationships? (attachment style)

Definition

1. Communication

2. Trust

3. Compromise

Secure-attachment people

Term
What are Attributions?
Definition

causes for people's behavior

-why people do things

Term
What are the two kinds of Attributions?
Definition

1. Personality-doing it because that's the way we are

2. Situational-doing it because of where we are

Term
What are the two kinds of Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)
Definition

1. Personality Attribution

2. Situational Attribution

Term
Describe Correspondance Bias
Definition

overestimate influece of personality attribution,

underestimate influence of situational attribution

Term
Describe Actor-Observer Bias
Definition

Creating excuses for poor performances

not used when judging others

Term
What are the two types of social comparisons?
Definition

1. Upward Social Comparison

2. Downward Social Comparison

Term
Describe the first Social Comparison
Definition

Upward: being equal with role models

"I'm doing as well as..."

Term
Describe the second social comparison 
Definition

Downward:

"I'm better than him"

Term
Describe the Above-Average effect
Definition
people tend to overestimate positive and underestimate negative tendancies of others
Term
What is the equation for behavior?
Definition
Behavior=Function of (situation x Personality)
Term
Describe Attribution Complexity
Definition
Tendency to think more deeply about causes of other people's behavior
Term

Describe Social Cognition biases 

2 kinds

Definition

can get us into trouble due to miscommunication

we can believe in the good in people or the bad in people

1. Confirmation Bias

2. Self-Perception bias

Term
Describe Confirmation Bias
Definition
feel negative about group, look for evidence (belief)
Term
Describe Self-Perception Bias
Definition
reflect on own past behavior, infer our present beliefs and feelings
Term
What happens if ABC's don't match up?
Definition
creates dissonance
Term
Describe the Self-Perception Theory
Definition
Attitudes created through supra/subliminal thinking
Term
What does the Self-Perception Theory connect with?
Definition
foot-in-the-door technique
Term
What are the "six weapons of influence"?
Definition

1. Reciprocity

2. Comittment

3. Social Proof

4. Authority

5. Scarcity

6. Liking

Term

Describe Mimicry

why?

Definition

unconscious/automatic conformity

mirror neurons

Term
What are two reasons why people conformed in asch's experiment?
Definition

1. Truly distorted perception

2. To "get along" with group

Term
Describe Social Informational Influence
Definition
conformity due to others' perception of reality
Term
Describe Normative Informational Influence
Definition
Conformity to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Term
What six things increase conformity?
Definition

1. Low Self-esteem

2. more people

3. people agree

4. group has higher status

5. prior committment

6. response is known

Term
Why did people comply with Stanly Milgram's electric shock experiment?
Definition

1. Cognitive Dissonance

2. F-in-the-Door

3. Committment

4. authority

5. Diffusion of Responbility

Term
Describe Evil
Definition
actual harm without sufficient provocation
Term

Braumeister's "Four Roots of Evil"

describe evil as a means to an end

Definition

1. Evil as a means to an end

-submit or die (didn't just kill them)

 

Term

Braumeister's "Four Roots of Evil"

describe Threatened Egotism

What is Culture of Honor?

Definition

abuse, person comes back and commits abuse on abusers

maintaining honor when insulted

Term
Describe the A-Hole study
Definition

northerners think it's funny to get bumped into

southerners don't

Term

Braumeister's "Four Roots of Evil"

describe Idealism

what does it create?

Definition

desire to make the world a better place

-slavery

holocausts

idealism creates absolutism

Term
Describe the Territory v belief system
Definition
can't sell half your soul
Term

Braumeister's "Four Roots of Evil"

describe Sadism

Definition
taking pleasure in pain of others
Term
What kinds of people are more likely to be violent?
Definition

1. High self-esteem

2. Low self control

3. Narcissistic, psychopathy, machiveliasm

4. belief in pure evil

Term
Describe Social Facilitation
Definition

natural habits increase

performance on easy tasks gets better, worse on hard task

Term

Describe deinviduation

what can it cause?

Definition

becoming a part of the crowd

anger

Term
Describe group think
Definition
when agreement overrides realism
Term
Describe assumptive help
Definition
helping when it was not even requested
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