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| The view that psychology 1.) should be an objective science that 2.) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most psychology researchers agree with 1 but not 2 |
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| Historically significant perpective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people |
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| The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language) |
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| The long standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's psychological sciences sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture. |
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| A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (drugs) treatment as well as psychological treatment. |
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| The scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and continues to thrive. |
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| Rapid Eye Movement Sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams occur commonly. Also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. |
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According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden content).
Literal meaning of a dream |
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| According to Freud, the underlying/hidden meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content) |
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| The tendency of REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep). |
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| A social interaction in which one person (hypnotist) suggests to another (subject) that certain perceptions, feeling, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. |
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| Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. |
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| Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causes speed up body functions and asscociated energy and mood changes. |
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| A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco. |
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| A powerful addictive drug; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels. |
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| A synthetic stimulant and mind hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. |
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| Psycedelic (mind manifesting) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input |
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| LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) |
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| A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid |
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| An altered state of conciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations. |
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| The fear of stranger commonly begins at 8 months old. |
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| An emotional tie with another person. Shown in younger children seeking closeness to caregiver and showing distress on separation. |
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| A process in which animals form certain attachments during a critical period in early life. |
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| The transition from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence. |
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| The period of sexual maturity, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing. |
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| The sex chromosome found in both male and female. Females have two, males have one. An x chromosome from each parent produces a female child. |
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| Found only in males. Produces a male child when paired with an x chromosome. |
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| The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulate the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and development of the male sex characteristics during puberty. |
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| Primary Sex Characteristics |
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| Body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible. |
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| Secondary Sex Characteristics |
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| Non reproductive sexual traits; females: breasts and hips. Males: voice and body hair. |
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| The first menstrual cycle |
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| The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. |
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| The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. |
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Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.
Using only what is given to figure something out |
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Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
Using prior knowledge to figure something out |
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| The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts. |
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| The sense of your head's (and thus your body's) movement and position, including the sense of balance. |
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