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| Theory that humans experience a small number of distinct emotions |
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| Small number (perhaps 7) of emotions believed by some theorists to be cross-culturally universal |
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| Motivation-Structural Rules |
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| Deep-seated similarities in communication across most animal species |
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| Cross-cultural guidelines for how and when to express emotions |
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| Cognitive Theories of Emotion |
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| Theory proposing that emotions are products of thinking |
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| James-Lange Theory of Emotion |
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| Theory proposing that emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli |
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| Theory proposing that we use out "gut reactions" to help us determine how we should act |
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| Theory proposing that an emotion-provoking event leads simultaneously to an emotion and to bodily reactions |
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| Theory proposing that emotions are produced by an undifferentiated state of arousal along with an attribution (explanation) of that arousal |
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| Facial Feedback Hypothesis |
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| Theory that blood vessels in the face feed back temperature information in the brain, altering our experience of emotions |
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| Unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behaviour |
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| Supposedly perfect physiological or behavioural indicator of lying |
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| Alternative to the polygraph test that relies on the premise that criminals harbour concealed knowledge about the crime that innocent people don't |
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| Questionnaires that presumably assess workers' tendency to steal or cheat |
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| Discipline that has sought to emphasize human strengths |
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| Theory proposing that happiness predisposes us to think more openly |
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| Tendency for people to remember more positive than negative information with age |
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| Ability to predict our own and others' happiness |
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| Belief that both our good and bad moods will last longer than they do |
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| Tendency for our moods to adapt to external circumstances |
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| Tendencies to perceive ourselves more positively than others do |
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| Strategy of anticipating failure and then compensating for this expectation by mentally overpreparing for negative outcomes |
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| Psychological drives that propel us in a specific direction |
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| Theory proposing that certain drives like hunger, thirst and sexual frustration motivate us to act in ways that minimize aversive states |
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| Inverted U-shaped relation between arousal on the one hand, and affect and performance on the other |
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| Theories proposing that we're often motivated by positive goals |
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| A model, developed by Abraham Maslow, proposing that we must satisfy physiological needs and needs for safety and security before progressing to more complex needs |
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| Theory that when our blood glucose levels drop, hunger creates a drive to eat to restore the proper level of glucose |
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| Hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used |
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| Hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used |
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| Value that establishes a range of body and muscle mass we tend to maintain |
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| Theory holding that obese people are motivated to eat more by external cues than internal cues |
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| Phase in human sexual response triggered by whatever prompts sexual interest |
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| Phase in human sexual response in which people experience sexual pleasure and notice physiological changes associated with it |
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| Phase in human sexual response marked by involuntary rhythmic contractions in the muscles of genitals in both men and women |
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| Phase in human sexual response following orgasm, in which people report relaxation and a sense of well-being |
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| Physical nearness, a predictor of attraction |
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| Extent to which we have things in common with others, a predictor of attraction |
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| Fact that our friends prop up our sense of self or the social roles we play |
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| Rule of give and take, a predictor of attraction |
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| Love marked by powerful, even overwhelming, longing for one's partner |
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| Love marked by a sense of deep friendship and fondness for one's partner |
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