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Psychology 1001 - Emotion and Motivation
N/A
44
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/07/2010

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Term
Discrete Emotions Theory
Definition
Theory that humans experience a small number of distinct emotions
Term
Primary Emotions
Definition
Small number (perhaps 7) of emotions believed by some theorists to be cross-culturally universal
Term
Motivation-Structural Rules
Definition
Deep-seated similarities in communication across most animal species
Term
Display Rules
Definition
Cross-cultural guidelines for how and when to express emotions
Term
Cognitive Theories of Emotion
Definition
Theory proposing that emotions are products of thinking
Term
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Definition
Theory proposing that emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli
Term
Somatic Marker Theory
Definition
Theory proposing that we use out "gut reactions" to help us determine how we should act
Term
Cannon-Bard Theory
Definition
Theory proposing that an emotion-provoking event leads simultaneously to an emotion and to bodily reactions
Term
Two-Factor Theory
Definition
Theory proposing that emotions are produced by an undifferentiated state of arousal along with an attribution (explanation) of that arousal
Term
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Definition
Theory that blood vessels in the face feed back temperature information in the brain, altering our experience of emotions
Term
Nonverbal Leakage
Definition
Unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behaviour
Term
Proxemics
Definition
Study of personal space
Term
Pinocchio Response
Definition
Supposedly perfect physiological or behavioural indicator of lying
Term
Guilty Knowledge Test
Definition
Alternative to the polygraph test that relies on the premise that criminals harbour concealed knowledge about the crime that innocent people don't
Term
Integrity Tests
Definition
Questionnaires that presumably assess workers' tendency to steal or cheat
Term
Positive Psychology
Definition
Discipline that has sought to emphasize human strengths
Term
Broaden and Build Theory
Definition
Theory proposing that happiness predisposes us to think more openly
Term
Positivity Effect
Definition
Tendency for people to remember more positive than negative information with age
Term
Affective Forecasting
Definition
Ability to predict our own and others' happiness
Term
Durability Bias
Definition
Belief that both our good and bad moods will last longer than they do
Term
Hedonic Treadmill
Definition
Tendency for our moods to adapt to external circumstances
Term
Positive Illusion
Definition
Tendencies to perceive ourselves more positively than others do
Term
Defensive Pessimism
Definition
Strategy of anticipating failure and then compensating for this expectation by mentally overpreparing for negative outcomes
Term
Motivation
Definition
Psychological drives that propel us in a specific direction
Term
Drive Reduction Theory
Definition
Theory proposing that certain drives like hunger, thirst and sexual frustration motivate us to act in ways that minimize aversive states
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
Equilibrium
Term
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Definition
Inverted U-shaped relation between arousal on the one hand, and affect and performance on the other
Term
Incentive Theories
Definition
Theories proposing that we're often motivated by positive goals
Term
Hierarchy of Needs
Definition
A model, developed by Abraham Maslow, proposing that we must satisfy physiological needs and needs for safety and security before progressing to more complex needs
Term
Glucostatic Theory
Definition
Theory that when our blood glucose levels drop, hunger creates a drive to eat to restore the proper level of glucose
Term
Leptin
Definition
Hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used
Term
Leptin
Definition
Hormone that signals the hypothalamus and brain stem to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used
Term
Set Point
Definition
Value that establishes a range of body and muscle mass we tend to maintain
Term
Internal-External Theory
Definition
Theory holding that obese people are motivated to eat more by external cues than internal cues
Term
Desire Phase
Definition
Phase in human sexual response triggered by whatever prompts sexual interest
Term
Excitement Phase
Definition
Phase in human sexual response in which people experience sexual pleasure and notice physiological changes associated with it
Term
Orgasm (climax) Phase
Definition
Phase in human sexual response marked by involuntary rhythmic contractions in the muscles of genitals in both men and women
Term
Resolution Phase
Definition
Phase in human sexual response following orgasm, in which people report relaxation and a sense of well-being
Term
Proximity
Definition
Physical nearness, a predictor of attraction
Term
Similarity
Definition
Extent to which we have things in common with others, a predictor of attraction
Term
Social Identity Support
Definition
Fact that our friends prop up our sense of self or the social roles we play
Term
Reciprocity
Definition
Rule of give and take, a predictor of attraction
Term
Passionate Love
Definition
Love marked by powerful, even overwhelming, longing for one's partner
Term
Companionate Love
Definition
Love marked by a sense of deep friendship and fondness for one's partner
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